Negative elements may be used for Element 3 - Business

Column 3 is the area of each element. Column 4 is the perpendicular distance of the centroid ofeach element from some convenient reference plane; in this case the top surface of thesection. The reference plane should not cut the section. Column 5 is the rst moment ofarea, and column 7 the second moment of area, of each element, both about the reference plane.where q is a function of the shape of the element and h is the height of the element normal tothereference plane.

The value of q for some frequently used element shapes is shown inFigure A.2. The value of q for a much greater selection of shapes may be found in the reference givenabove, or may be calculated from rst principles. For rectangles which are based on thereference plane, such as Elements 1 and 2 in this example, k = h/1.5.

If it had been necessary to increase the width of the box to obtain a greater bottom modulus, it would only be necessary to change the calculation for Element 3, while changing thethickness of the bottom ange would entail recalculating only Elements 3 and 6.The calculation is sensitive to rounding, and columns 4, 5, 6 and 7 should be calculated to fourdecimal places. In 6.10.1 the calculation of the deck inertia was carried out to three decimalplaces, while here four decimal places are used and it may be seen that the results differby about 0.2 per cent.

Negative elements may be used, for instance in a deck with voids, or to facilitate the calculationfor a box with sloping webs. Each of columns 3, 5 and 7 will then have negativecomponents.This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the materialis concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,reproduction on micro?lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication ofthis publication or parts thereof is permitted only under theprovisions of the German Copyright Lawof September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained fromSpringer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media

The International Conference MECHATRONICS has progressed considerablyyear at the Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. The subjects covered in theconference are widerangingand detailed.

Mechatronics is in fact the combination of enabling technologies brought together to reduce complexity through the adaptation of interdisciplinarytechniques in production. The chosen topics for conference include:Nanotechnology, Automatic Control & Robotics, Biomedical Engineering, DesignManufacturing and Testing of MEMS, Metrology, Photonics, Mechatronic Products. Thegoal of the conference is to bring together experts from different areas to give an overview ofthe state of the art and to present new research results and prospects of the futuredevelopment in this interdisciplinary field of mechatronic systems.

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