Copyright Laws Info - Health

If you are somebody that is involved in composing, sketching along with other such special creations, then you definitely need to know with regards to copyright. Whenever you develop an unique piece of content, it has to be copyright laws guarded. This can make sure that that one item continues to stay as your own. This also prevents others from copying your projects. In case you copyright your work, then it is easy to confirm that the project is your own, in the event of a dispute. Another benefit of copyrighting is the fact that, you will be the only person who are able to reproduce as well as market your work. This is especially helpful along with novels. This makes certain that people merely buy the books from your author. There has been instances in which a few local marketers duplicated the actual novels and distributed it for profit. Although they do not attempt to pass the actual guide as their own development, they do try to get income from something that wasn't t heirs. This can significantly hinder the writer's revenue stream. Therefore, copyrighting the work helps in these instances too. Copyright office.

People frequently confuse trademark with copyrights. Trademarks are nothing but icons. Each and every organization as well as brand features a trademark. This can help in easy recognition of the item. Additionally it is simple to identify when someone copies your symbol. Trademark is totally different from copyright. While brand can be used in the field of goods and solutions, copyrights are primarily used for unique masterpieces. Copyrighting the work doesn't invariably mean that the creator is acknowledged. It just safeguards the creator's privileges, and stops others through duplicating the copyrighted work. Copyrighting may also be carried out for non-published products; the work doesn't invariably need to be printed.

The us Copyrighting office is responsible for copyrighting, and it does not take up trade marking works. It had been estimated that the office gets about 5 million works every year. Copyrighting legislation does not forbid somebody using others work for their own personal means. Copyright infringement is just applicable for case where somebody attempts to pass away others' work as their own, or even when somebody tries to obtain profit out of others' work. Using someone else's idea without having providing them with their own rightful credit can also be unlawful. In such cases, the other person has the rights to prosecute, requesting financial compensation.

There is a term till which the copyright laws is actually valid. For example, works that were developed underneath the creator's pen names just stand for 95 yrs. In case of an unpublished work, it stands for 120 yrs. Also, there is another legislation in which works that are developed under the creator's original identity stand for his or her lifetime, as well as for an added 70 many years right after his or her death. This law, nevertheless, is only applicable for all those works which have been created after the yr 1978. Merely specific works can be copyrighted. In the event of novels, the concept needs to have completely original ideas for it to become copyrighted by the US Copyright office. For instance, if the work is really a story regarding vampires, and contains the normal descriptions and emphasises related to vampires, in that case it isn't feasible to copyright this. The subject is actually something that everyone knows about, and publications regarding exactly the same subject are unavoidable in the future. This is the exact same regarding books along with other masterpieces about current occasions, or even a few known truth. On the other hand, private remembrances such as pictures could be copyrighted, because duplicating all of them is not really feasible.

Copyright is also relevant regarding works published on the internet, especially visuals as well as blogs. Every day, thousands of blogs as well as posts are published upon various sites, and for that reason. In order to protect their Google ranking, many sites as well as weblogs copyright their own works.

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Why to get Copyright Registration? - Law - Copyright Law

For creative professionals, it is very important that whatever they write or create, it should be CR protected. Original works of authorship such as literary (articles, periodicals, books, compilations including computer and databases and tables), cinematographic, artistic and sound recording can be protected by CR. Copyright can also be described as a form of intellectual property. Copyright is an amalgam of rights including, rights of reproduction, inter alia, adaptation and translation of the work, communication to the public. Depending on the work, there could be slight differences in the composition of the rights.

Copyright law dates back to the times when the printers of books were granted with privileges and monopolies. In the initial stages, only copying of books was accorded CR law, but slowly derivative works and translations were also started being copyrighted. At present, Copyright embraces a wide range of works, including paintings, motion pictures, computer programs, performances, maps, photographs and sound recordings. It is not a violation of copyright law if someone copies the ideas but it only protects the expression of idea. If Hollywood has been making hundreds of movies on war, then the idea here is war which is not protected by copyright law.

Different movie directors expressed the same idea differently, and this falls under copyright protection. Individual copyrights protect each expression and each movie. When people want to get copyrights, they are interested to know whether the copyright should be registered or not. It is not important to register it, because copyright is inherent right and statutory, and it comes essentially upon completion of work. It is important to register copyright though under the following conditions:1. In case any disputes or litigation arise, copyright registration certification ensures that a valid title and ownership can be produced in the court. To launch copyright infringement lawsuit, a copyright registration is essential in some cases. Hence copyright registration is compulsory when a work is to be used commercially.

2. Computer software should necessarily be copyrighted since there is little difference between original work and copied work. It is quite impossible to differentiate between the two.

3. The copyright claim gets a public record through copyright registration.

4. A copyright infringer can only be taken action against if one has a registration certificate. The infringer's work is thus immediately restrained from distribution of copyrighted material. When the work has been registered, only then the presumption of validity will apply.

In view of the above cited clauses, it becomes apparent that copyright registration might not be essential, but nevertheless it is wise to go for registration.

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Understanding Copyright - Internet

When you create original content, it is automatically copyrighted, but you should know about copyrights and how to specifically mark your work. Also, establishing the date of creation is very important.

The basis for copyright law in the USA is found in the United States Constitution in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 as follows:

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.

The first copyright law was the Copyright Act of 1790. We are currently operating under the Copyright of 1976 as amended.

Copyrights have a term of the life of the author plus 70 years. We Boomers can thank Sonny Bono (Sonny and Cher) for this. The Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998--alternatively known as the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act set the current term of copyrights.

When you write original content, it is copyrighted even if you do not specify "Copyright" or use the "circle C" copyright symbol.

However, it is best to declare your works are copyrighted. The proper way to do this is "Copyright (Date of first Creation) ( Name of author).

The best way to approach using any information that you have not created yourself is to consider that it is copyrighted.

To copyright an item, you must establish a dated record of some type when you first created the item so you can prove the date of the copyright if someone challenges you. The earliest date will get the copyright. Before computers, a technique was to write the piece and have it notarized or witnessed. Another technique was to enclose the item in an envelope and mail it to yourself. The postmark established the date.

Now we have computers that record the date of file creation for anything we record on them. This date becomes the date of the copyright.

All you have to do to copyright something is to create it and follow the previously specified procedure by specifying "Copyright (Date of first Creation) ( Name of author)" Use of the copyright symbol is not required.

The following procedure is for MS Word: To insert the copyright symbol, click Insert on the tool bar, Click Symbol on the dropdown and you will be presented a table of all kinds of symbols. Highlight the "circle C" and click the Insert button and the will appear where your cursor is located. You will have to click on the Close button to close the Symbol box.

There, that was easy. Now start creating content on which you can proudly hang that "circle C".

Copyright 2006 John Howe, Inc.

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Legality in Downloading Music Videos - Entertainment - Music

The old proverb 'every coin has two sides' proves to be true if we consider the multifarious attributes of technology. Technology can very well be considered both as a boon and a curse as it has abilities to both create and destruct. Still, our lives should be grateful towards the technical advancement. It has brought forward series of good hopes and assisted immensely in changing every societal aspect. Several peer-to-peer companies grew and that is another positive attribute put forward by technology. If we will peep into the industrial sector then we will be able to find out how technology has brought transformation in the different domains. Today we will be discussing about the music industry and will try to find out that how the various modes, especially the music videos backed up by technology has boosted up the entire music industry.Nowadays, the musical companies are very much concerned about the specific usages of the software available by the customers. The music enthusiasts download music of their choice by means of this software. They even download videos, music and even movies with the help of the software. They never obtain the permission of the copyright holders while indulging in the activity. The peer-to-peer company is also not the one to be blamed for these illegal practices. After all they are not liable for the usages of the technology by the customer by utilizing their network in order to breach the work, which is copyright protected.There are several genres of music and hence there is no dearth of music videos. If you are a music lover and you find the most popular Rap music videos, Rock music videos and other masterpiece selections are available easily over the Internet and that too for free, then it is quite obvious that you won't be going for expensive option of getting the CDs or the DVDs from the stores. One can well watch music videos online and even if they want to save it then that is also very much possible. Yo u can search for the particular tracks and then download it from the websites offering the service and hence burn it into a CD or a DVD. So, isn't that a great option available to you?The entertainment companies however bear a different view on the entire procedure. According to them the P2Pcompanies tamper the copyright protected works and they are ones, who should be blamed for all the downloads done in an illegal way. Hence they must be charged some penalty for making way to the unlawful practice as the music videos occur in their network.Legal decision have been passed and it is been confirmed that if the customers use the services offered by the P2P company for downloading movies, music and other works, which are copyright protected, then it will be the company, who will be held responsible. Thus the music downloads in legalized way will be encouraged. On the other hand the P2P service providers will be cautious about opting fair means. Lastly the interest of the artist and the entertainment companies during music video download will be safeguarded by means of these legal barriers.

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Mobile Internet is the more important trend in the future of the development ? - Business

November 18, 2011, erin advisory group in the Shanghai pudong kerry hotel at sixth annual summit, the current annual meeting set the "new economy" and "e-commerce" the two themes, from the point of view of Internet users to further exploration of the business operation, the integrated marketing development, marketing technology innovation and so on many aspects of the network economy faces challenges and opportunities.

The Internet the high speed development of economy caused industry many think, reviewing 2011, how to interpret the electronic commerce development trend? Traditional enterprise electricity traders road how to break out of the inning? Electronic business investment and financing of foam and valuations? Overseas investors to look at China's Internet economy? How to interpret the mobile Internet hot trend "SoLoMo & mobile business"? New media times of integrated marketing challenge and opportunity is??????? The hot spots in the above issues will be in Shanghai the sixth annual summit by the ereli guests to answer, and the industry and the guests to share and discuss.

The following is erin nets and odd art sales operation director GeChengZhi "continued ascension marketing income scale" the topic of discussion site video:

Host: each netizen hello. Welcome to erin interview, we are now in 2011 Shanghai the sixth annual summit site ereli. My side this is odd art sales sales operation director Mr. GeChengZhi, welcome you.

GeChengZhi: very happy to be in the YiRuiNian meeting and all of you to meet.

Host: Gregory total this year, to $300 million, art a big investment, then this investment will do what kind of planning, you now can revealed some?

GeChengZhi: from video website's point of view, the most critical part of main or in the content on some of the expanding, of course also include some, because video website especially as a hd video art that's web site will tell, including some bandwidth expenses. Content Angle, on the one hand, is to intensify the existing, has more advantages of some, for example in the movie, TV, documentaries, anime some of the outside investment, so in 2012, we will also consider develop some new fields. For example, like fashion the domain, and sports this way, we do have some consideration. I think this may be our main a development direction. Including we will continue in technology products to continue increasing investment. Because this can say is odd art online after the most Internet users may see, or the using feeling has some of the features a characteristics, so in this respect we will last for input.

Host: video website may be more burn money of a category, because in the cost of the bandwidth may be more money, the purchase video copyright will also spend a lot of money, you think of this video copyright price, in the present industry level to see, is there a little too high?

GeChengZhi: video copyright itself is also a commodity, so if is the commodity of words, will follow basic law of value and the basic law of supply and demand. From the perspective of supply and demand, and now I think that at present market price is indeed the copyright by supply and demand to determine some of the more. As for and the contact between the value, it can be said that supply and demand of the status of the dominant, as for the high or low of words, I think now that exists, that has a rationality, the rationality is only exists in supply and demand it.

Host: buy the most expensive's art which a TV show, or what kind of products?

GeChengZhi: this is really me WenZhu, because I was mainly do sales this, not do the copyright of the purchase, this aspect can reference some Marketing Department of more foreign propaganda.

Host: I heard strange art from Taiwan please many famous producer, do some more characteristics of entertainment, can you explain the entertainment of viewing the situation?

GeChengZhi: from the odd art homemade Angle, we compare the attention of specialized road. For example with homemade entertainment, for example, on one hand we will and Taiwan's like the KangXiLai "such a production team cooperation, and two gears entertainment programs, including especially the love enough didn't", Taiwan famous host ChenHanDian as our host, is welcome by the audience. From the few period speaking, there have been many issue of the play, beyond the itself in Taiwan do the KangXiLai "play flow, probably we in the Marketing Department to see above statistics, then we in about a month and a half to two and a half months or so of the time, to reach 15 million-18 million play level.

Including the future of words, may we also continue to be considering this and some well-known of variety show teamwork, even consider and some overseas beyond some of the team in China to integration, including to design some unique entertainment. I believe that see, I think probably the end of this year or early next year at the time, you will see some of our updated entertainment form.

Host: for video web site may, it is more of entertainment programs, or was it a life is related with the sports, leisure kind thing, may be the fire. But with the traditional TV media to than might be more serious some content is less, then you feel if this video website this feature because and decision. Odd art will more serious content in aspect, is to launch its own characteristic columns? For example of politics news programs, for example, is the essence of the column of wikipedia, do not know the dodgers art will not through the video of the form?

GeChengZhi: I think video website is belong to the state administration of radio, part of management, we should in national policies within the scope of management to conduct our business plan. Will tell from the current politics show, the video site intervention to this aspect, on the one hand, there are some policy requirements, but also including from our own a content of the organization and finishing were not in a particularly good at. So I find in this strange art of motion planning may not very large.

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Copyright and Trademark - Law - Copyright Law

In general, lots of people confuse the words "Copyright" and "Trademark". They do not know how to copyright or rather, trademark their logo, blogs or business names. The word copyright has been used alongside trademark to make things a little easier to understand.

Copyright is not the same as trademark. According to the United States Copyright Office, a copyright provides protection against plagiarism and exists from the minute a composition is created. It provides protection to tangible works in music, art, design, literature, drama or film; copyright authorizes the author of an original, tangible form of work to be the legal owner of his creation. Though copyright exists as soon as an idea takes up a tangible form, it is still preferred to register the work with the United States Copyright Office which asserts the owner's legal authority by making it public to discourage the infringement of copyright. Some people also publish copyrights on their work for further security of their possession. Registering a document is not very expensive and costs around $35 - $85 but renewal of the copyright prior to its expiry date, getting copies of copyright facts and searching copyright records is more expensive.

A trademark on the other hand, protects names, logos, or even a business idea. A trademark is used to protect patents, trademarks and ideas. It is therefore handled by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). After becoming a trademark, your word, phrase, logo, design or symbol can use a Service Mark (, SM ,) legally.

Using Service Marks with your logos is another way of asserting ownership and discouraging at least 75% of possible violators of your copyright. Claiming ownership lets you use and SM symbols and registering with the federal trademark registration allows you to use symbol with your logo or business name.

Registering your work legally gives you the advantage of defending yourself in the federal court against any case of plagiarism. When a record is present with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, it is easier to assert the owner's authority.

Any original work created should be registered as soon as possible to avoid any possibilities of infringement. Whether it be trademark or copyright, they both confirm the authority of the owner legally. Copyright is the basic registration of a tangible, original work with the United States Copyright Office while trademark is the protection of words, phrase, logos, symbols, business names, or design provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

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Wedding ceremony Photography on DVD - Business

Much more wedding photographers nowadays are supplying full resolution and customized retouched JPEGs on DVD with total copyright release. But is obtaining your valuable wedding photographs on DVDs this kind of a wonderful strategy?

Some individuals, which include a couple of qualified photographers, believe DVDs may possibly only hold information for up to 8 to 10 a long time at ideal. This is most likely rather exact for most typical consumer grade DVDs. However, for archiving essential files, gold archival DVDs are offered which may well retain precious photographs and other files archived through a hundred many years. You could find suppliers of gold archival DVDs by only seeking with this phrase in all the well-liked investigation engines. As of time of this creating, gold archival DVDs expense all around $2.50 every. It is also superior to know that there are blu-ray discs for high definition wedding movies which may possibly count on to hold the video clip for over 200 years as effectively. To these photographers who are not so positive no matter if Gold Archival DVDs will maintain wedding ceremony images for so quite a few a long time, I remind them, gold is inert and does not oxidize. At mini mal, it is affordable to expect and imagine 24 karat gold enveloped in a scratch resistant coating must be more archival than the typical photo paper and chemical method which puts a wedding ceremony picture on leading of a sheet of paper! However, there are some photographers who want brides to feel the chemical course of action of placing an image on top rated of a sheet of conventional image paper is additional archival than 24 karat gold and which has been enveloped in a scratch resistant coating!

Brides who retain a professional wedding ceremony photographer who will give her wedding photographs on DVDs might want to make positive the photographer makes use of gold archival DVDs. Some professional photographers, including myself, will give on gold archival DVDs at a slightly higher price. Brides who prefer not to pay out the better charge for gold archival DVDs know they will just be working with the typical DVDs as a medium via which to get their wedding ceremony images for archiving on electronic storage media in its different varieties. The DVD is only a momentary moveable indicates of sharing individuals pictures with others to duplicate and print.

DVD technological innovation is therefore not a dilemma. But the principle of providing qualified wedding ceremony photography with entire resolution, customized retouched and complete copyright introduced JPEGs on DVDs is the basis of a non-conventional small business model for the marriage ceremony photographer. How does this new and expanding "DVD marriage ceremony photographer" business product assess to the classic "album package marriage ceremony photographer" model?

Initially thing you will discover which distinguishes these two photographers is the DVD wedding photographer does not contractually obligate the consumer to a marriage ceremony album at time of signing the wedding contract. The DVD photographer prefers to allow the consumer to initially perspective their wedding photographs. After the client has viewed her pictures, chosen her favorite horizontal, vertical and a variety of dimensions, it can be additional very easily decided the marriage ceremony album the bride will basically require which very best suits her particular demands and flavor. Album deal photographers on the other hand should obligate the bride to some pre-intended album bundle prior to the bride has seen any photography at all. Though this tends to make business perception and must be needed by the album offer photographer, it is purely in the self-fascination of the photographer and reveals no worry for the greatest curiosity of the bride.

The 2nd most distinguishing difference is that from the DVD wedding ceremony photographer the bride simply gets the important DVD of full resolution, tailor made retouched and entire copyright introduced images. This benefit is not even on the table with album bundle photographers. And what a list of sensible rewards the wedding ceremony DVD supplies to the bride!

1. Cropping, retouching, photo tilting, blowing-up and other innovative picture manipulation and management as she desires for her images and album(s).

2. If her photographer retires, moves out of state, passes absent, goes out of company, suffers a company catastrophe or whichever, the bride has her marriage ceremony photos! She has them!

3. If the bride's wedding album gets lost, broken or stolen, she can always very easily have another new album produced since she has her marriage ceremony DVD.

4. She does not have to spend the photographer a middle man payment to have prints made. She could deliver her pictures from her DVD to her favorite on the internet or nearby photo lab for printing at direct lab charges. Of program, we all know that album package deal photographers sure can have a center man payment tacked on print and album selling prices!

5. Most, nevertheless not all, album package deal photographers necessitate the bride and groom to place their album purchase inside 30 to 60 days right after the wedding ceremony date. This can generally be an inconvenience for the new couple just starting up and who have preparations to make to get their new everyday life together organized. Some photographers will rush the bride and groom via this approach and that seriously is not the best way to make sure the bride gets a marriage ceremony album she is going to really like. The DVD photographer does not require the invest in of a marriage ceremony album. If the bride desires to purchase one particular from her DVD photographer, she may possibly do so at her usefulness, on her schedule when she is ready. She might buy an album if she chooses from any one of the dozens of online album companies. It is her selection to do what she believes is finest.

6. Relying on the wedding contract, with the DVD marriage ceremony photographer, the bride does not have to spend for an album which she may possibly get rid of if she has to cancel her authentic wedding ceremony date. The only nonrefundable payment to the DVD marriage ceremony photographer is the booking retainer for the date. Any and all other dollars compensated on the contract to a DVD photographer is refundable in the function the wedding date is canceled or rescheduled.

There are other differences inherent among DVD wedding photographers and album bundle wedding photographers but these variances differ in how the two sorts of photographers opt for to handle those troubles in both their policies and contracts. That is further than the scope of this guide for me to address.

The reluctance of so several album deal photographers today to acknowledge the DVD photographer business design reminds me of the identical reluctance to swap to digital photography from film. So a lot of album package photographers were film photographers originally. It took a lot of of them several years in advance of doing the swap to the digital camera. Now that most of them have switched to digital photography, they nevertheless have this age-prolonged business mentality of putting their earnings mainly on the photographic prints and albums they provide. In this circumstance, they want to hold the "digital negatives" and full copyright ownership and cost an arm and a leg for pictures and albums. But this old pricing philosophy does not just take into account the inherent variances between digital photography and movie photography as the positive aspects of each relates to the shopper and even to the specialist photographer.

There are a ton of causes why album bundle photographers however hold to the previous small business model. I'm not guaranteed but I believe it is primarily due to photograph labs and album corporations which are consistently providing courses and incentives to maintain photographers imagining in terms of placing their profit on pictures and albums. In any other case, there would be a dramatic decrease in business for picture labs and specialist album firms. So photo labs and album businesses have a ton of reasons to maintain photographers considering in terms of inserting massive revenue on prints and albums.

But when it arrives to digital photography, there are a rising range of photographers who come to feel that we can present much better and far more productive services and solutions to our shoppers by way of a various organization method. Rather of pricing photographic prints and albums at significant ample prices to obtain our needed profits, we rather selling price our marriage ceremony photography capabilities and total resolution and custom retouched JPEGs at costs to acquire our necessary income. Unlike movie negatives which ended up useful only for printing pics from, our JPEGs are promptly viewable and pleasurable "as is" right out of our cameras. Since wedding ceremony photography customers might use JPEGs in an extensive assortment of approaches to involve digital journal fashion wedding ceremony albums and quite sophisticated slide reveals set to songs, our "digital negatives" are in truth a much more marketable or desirable photographic item than what images and marriage ceremony albums use to be. With all of today's digital products such as large 50" plus plasma monitors, becoming capable to check out one's marriage ceremony day photos as a sophisticated slide demonstrate set to music IS very frequently more fulfilling to modern brides than flipping by way of pictures in a little book.

When it comes to pricing our picture quality pictures, there are a handful of fundamental ways. Initially, the more substantial the JPEG, the higher the price tag for each JPEG. Secondly, some photographers sell their image quality JPEGs in amount discount rates. The a lot more photo quality JPEGs a bride purchases, the lower the value per JPEG. Also some photographers do not present a full copyright release and they surely will not transfer copyright ownership less than any situations. But some do and at a hefty earnings and then only after a particular minimum amount range of JPEGs have also been ordered. The idea behind this pricing strategy: We as qualified digital photographers are promoting our true work we are advertising what the huge vast majority of electronic media savvy consumers actually want to have - the digital negatives. Ultimately, we are nonetheless getting paid and handsomely for executing this!

Now, IF and when the customer wants to purchase pictures and albums, she may possibly do so whenever immediately after her wedding day. She may well even now purchase pictures and albums from her photographer or from any of the a lot of labs and album businesses on the internet. The alternative is hers.

This guide is not by any indicates meant to persuade album package deal photographers to switch to the DVD wedding ceremony photographer small business product. (I do not want the extra opposition). I've merely hoped to clarify why a lot of of us have adopted this method. I know this strategy to running a digital marriage ceremony photography organization is NOT for everyone. Specifically those photographers who sense they could lose cash on the added sales of images and albums if they give up entire resolution pictures and copyright. That is an extremely superior position in principle. And from time to time it is a practical reality. I've operated my business equally approaches about the decades. For me, I personally sense the benefits to my consumers and for my status far outweighs the reduction of some added cash flow. As a substitute, I want to make far more money serving a lot more clients than trying to get more substantial sells from a solitary customer.

In summary, there are a lot of gains to both equally the digital photographer and to the bride when the photographer basically gives the complete resolution and copyright launched marriage ceremony images on DVDs to the bride.

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Intellectual Property and Copyright Laws - Publishing - Copywriting

Just as one owns physical property and real estate, Intellectual Property (IP) allows people exclusive ownership of their creativity and innovation. It gives these people control on their innovations for which they are rewarded and encouraged to create further for the benefit of others.

The Intellectual Property Rights have their roots in the original Constitution which was designed by the Founding Fathers of the nation. It states that the Congress will have the power "to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."

The four main types of IP are

Patents for inventions - These are relevant to new and improved products and processes that have the capability for industrial application Trade marks for brand identity - These are for goods and services for allowing distinctions to be made between different traders Designs for product appearance - This involves the whole or a part of a product resulting from its features such as the lines, contours, colors, shape, texture or materials as well as its ornamentation; Copyright for material - This includes literary and artistic material, music, films, sound recordings and broadcasts as well as software and multimedia Besides the above, IP covers a larger area which extends to trade secrets, plant varieties, geographical indications, performers rights and so on.

While in some cases IP law gives protection for ideas, in most, an idea will have to be first elaborated before any protection is given. It is not always possible to protect IP as well as gain IP rights. This can, however, be done if IP has been applied for and granted. Some IP protection under the IP Law such as copyright arises automatically, without any registration and as soon as the creation has been recorded for, in some form or the other.

Intellectual Property Laws help to promote a dual balance - financially rewarding the creation or innovation through the grant of exclusivity to the owner while simultaneously giving an impetus to that creativity by freely promoting the ideas. It encourages freedom of the Americans to speak and express themselves without restrictions and is found through all the laws and cases about Intellectual Property in the United States.

Copyright Laws Copyright protection was designed for original works of authorship that include literary, dramatic and musical works, pantomimes and choreography, pictorial, graphic and sculptural, motion pictures, audio-visual as well as sound recordings. It gives the creators economic rights enabling them to control the use of their creativity in several ways such as making and issuing copies to the public, performing in public, broadcasting and use-on-line. Copyright Laws gives the author moral rights which identify him as the creator of that material and also allows for the objection of its mutilation and distortion.

However, copyright does not protect ideas, names or titles but the original work that is created or authored from such ideas may come under the umbrella of copyright law.

The primary reason for the copyright is to allow the authors economic gains for their endeavors and at the same encourage future creativity and innovation for the benefit of all. Copyright material is the result of creative skills, hard work and investment; if left unprotected, it could be exploited by others without the original author having being paid for it. That is why those using copyright materials will first need permission from the copyright owner. The only exception to this may be some minor usage which may escape the copyright infringement clause.

Copyright protection is done as soon as the creation, in whatever form has been recorded for. Although there is no official registration, form or fee for copyrights, the creators may take precautionary steps to ensure proof that the material is owned by them.

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Dell Inspiron 1545 LCD Screen Replacement Or Laptop Screen Repair - Internet

During one of my enterprise visits to Surrey, I found, to my dismay, that I needed a laptop screen repair shop in Surrey, immediately, as I had accidentally broken the screen of my laptop in the journey. I knew if I tend not to find a laptop repair shop immediately, I is going to be in a large problem. Then you have to endure: - the shipping costs - insurance expenses - buying exclusive packaging - time at the write-up Office to have sent certified/insured mail - how long you are without your laptop Why tend not to you Fix it yourself? Few of us realize that you'll be able to purchase a guide that will methodically and systematically walk you by means of diagnosing and repairing most laptop repair issues. I am going to share those Suggestions with you, but prior to that let me tell how You will find a dependable PC Repair shop in your neighborhood.

It is The problem of the connection on the mother board to the video controller if the laptop computer screen goes totally blank. May You will need any help; technical guys are there to support you throughout the whole process. From a number of various resources You can find on the web the replacement screen. With years of company experience and using a team of totally trained staff and superior state of the art facilities, it is possible to trust such laptop repair stores to deliver an exceptional laptop repair service. You may well consult with the remote computers help service providers to detect the system error of yours. Laptop repair Guildford repair laptops with out any specifics of company.

Using specialised laptop screen cleaner plus a clean microfibre cloth, gently wipe over the entire surface. uk Products & Services___________________________ Copyright Info This post is free for reproduction but must be reproduced in its entirety, including live links & this copyright statement must be included. This is why the liquid crystals underneath could be damaged by rough handling or as well considerably pressure when pointing one thing out on the screen, especially if making use of a sharp object such as a pencil or biro. This is why the liquid crystals underneath might be damaged by rough handling or also a lot pressure when pointing some thing out on the screen, especially if making use of a sharp object such as a pencil or biro. Cleaning according to manufacturer instructions is at the same time a superb method to avoid laptop screen replacement.

If you quite need to create certain, check that your memory is nonetheless seated as well as the screen cable nonetheless connected properly. If the laptop screen is merely flickering, based on the computer help technicians that could be due to the inverter difficulties and that could be easily replaced. Do not consider It is just because of The problem from the screen itself, but at the same time because of the things from the video card. Installing a brand new screen is a method to check that The issue is with the screen prior to committing to a full repair. If every little thing looks fine within your laptop, but you may be nonetheless unsure, you have two options. Therefore, proper diagnosis really should be the vital thing to effectively address that.

Below is the step by step guide to assist you replace your Acer Laptop Screen quite easily. Knowing now that accidents do occur how, may possibly you ask, can you approach this problem? The solution is simply by folks can simply become educated. After removing the screw covers, unscrew the Phillips-head screws from the front bezel of your laptop screen. Some sites will advise an user to replace an entire laptop simply because of prohibitive pricing. You can find different companies that provide you with the proper laptop screen repair services.

Additionally, you may have no warranty on your personal repair and may possibly even void your manufacturer's warranty. If you're uncomfortable in replacing your Acer laptop screen, your are suggested to take your laptop into a certified Computer or Laptop repair shop to get it replaced with the certified technician. Now switch on your laptop to test the new Acer laptop screen. uk Goods & Services___________________________Copyright informationThis post is free for reproduction but must be reproduced in its entirety, including live links & this copyright statement must be included. In some rare cases, usually with HP laptops or Sony Vaios, you will not have the capability to remove the bezel surrounding the laptop screen without having very first removing the screen completely from the bottom assembly of the laptop.

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Dropbox-The Next Big Thing - Computers

How would it be if you can store your files and folders across the internet and share them with everyone anywhere? Well, the Dropbox Inc, recognized your needs and designed Dropbox, a file storage service based on the cloud technology. File storage and file sharing is made possible through file synchronization. Now let us see why Dropbox is considered as a next big thing.

Offers free service as well as paid service: This could be the foremost reason for the success of Dropbox. It enables people to store up to 2GB of data for free. If you have even more amounts of data, then you can own up to 50GB of storage space for just $10 and 100GB for $20. These low costs have made Dropbox a next big thing which everyone would start thinking about.Referral bonus: As you know most of the entrepreneurs offer a referral bonus to promote their products in a real quick way. Dropbox Inc., offers about 8GB of free storage to those who refer Dropbox to others. This viral marketing strategy of Dropbox Inc, helped to standout among the competitors such as the iCloud, Boxnet, CloudMe, ZumoDrive etc.Available in multiple versions: the secret for the success of Dropbox is its compatibility to multiple operating systems and mobile devices. There are various versions of Dropbox that fit for operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. Separate ver sions are available for various mobile devices such as the Windows Phone 7, Android, iPhone, BlackBerry and iPad.Provision of Add-ons: The next big thing about Dropbox is provision of both unofficial and official add-ons such as the SendToDropbox which enables the users to send files to their dropboxes, MacDropAny which is an excellent feature that enables users to sync folders on their system with Dropbox. It also offers services such as the cloudHQ which enables the users to synchronize the files in Google Docs with those in Dropbox. Users can even edit the Dropbox documents.Abides to DMCA copyright rules: It strictly adheres to the DMCA copyright rules and regulations. It allows its users to upload only copyrighted files to Dropbox servers. It has the right to delete any of the user files violating the DMCA guidelines.Lastly, Dropbox Inc revises its terms and policies to ensure greater user protection. These amazing features of Dropbox have made it the next big thing to b e considered by any computer literate dealing with multiple files.

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Trademark Registration in Mexico - Frequent Asked Questions about Intellectual Property Rights - Law - International Law

In this Section You will find answers to questions about:

1- Trademarks2- License Agreements3- Patents4- Copyrights

QUESTIONS ABOUT REGISTERING A TRADEMARK IN MEXICO

1- If my trademark is already registered in my country do I still have to register it in Mexico if I want to protect my rights there?

Yes. Currently Mexico is not a member of the Madrid Protocol for trademarks.

2- Aproximately how long does it take to register a trademark in Mexico?

12 months

3- What type of trademarks can be registered?

You can register a word or group of words, slogans, symbols, logos & graphic designs, trade names, service marks, three dimensional goods that are distinctive of a trademark such as a perfume bottle or container, and combinations of all of them.

4- Why should I hire a Mexican Intellectual Property Lawyer to register my trademark in Mexico?

Protecting Your Trademarks and other intellectual property rights is not just about seeking registration.

You need to be prepared with the best legal tools to fight against piracy & infringement at any moment.

You could be entitled to every dime that the infringers have illegally pocketed, but without a Team of Lawyers specialized in Mexican Intellectual Property Law that have a deeper level of knowledge, You are in a weak position.

5- Why should I use Your services?

Unlike other online mexican trademark registration services we are an Intellectual Property Law Firm. We provide MORE than simply a registration service. We actually fight for your rights against pirates, infringers and Mexican counterfeit importers. We can help You protect any kind of intellectual property in Mexico.

We Go Further than the rest and offer you a full range of specialized legal services that include:

a- Legal Representation in Civil Lawsuits aimed at recovering financial loss caused by infringement & breach of license agreements.

b- Legally appeal to Government actions & resolutions that affect Your interests

c- Evaluate or formulate Your license agreements & technology transfer agreements. With Us You have access to a wide variety of specialized legal services in one place.

6- For how long is the trademark registration granted?

For a renewable period of 10 years.

7- How can I protect my trademark against importers of counterfeit goods?

Once your trademark has been granted registration by the Mexican Trademark Authority we can arrange official protection from the Mexican Customs Border Authority, in order to stop and prosecute infringers right at the Mexican border.

8- Why would I want to Register My Trademark with the Mexican Customs Border Authority also?

Three clear advantages of this service is that it gives You the option of CONTROLING unlicensed distributors entering the Mexican border; It also helps you STOP fake goods & counterfeit trademarks of your products entering the Mexican Market; and it will help prosecute infringers right at the border.

QUESTIONS ABOUT LICENSE AGREEMENTS & TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS

1- Why is it important to register my current or future license agreements?

To prosecute unlicensed distributors of your trademark, infringers of your trademarks and licensed partners that breach the agreement.

2- What kind of intellectual property agreements can i Register with the Mexican Authorities?

Trademark license agreements, copyright license agreements, patent license agreements, import-distribution license agreements and technology transfer agreements.

3- Do I First need to register my trademark in Mexico in order to create valid license agreements in Mexico?

Once we submit your registration You can start creating license agreements.

4- Can You help me if my business partners in Mexico breach the license agreements?

Yes. We can apply a variety of effective legal strategies.

5- Can You help me build a strong license agreement?

Yes. We can also evaluate your current license agreementsLearn more at

QUESTIONS ABOUT PATENTS AND INVENTIONS

1- If I have a USPTO Patent do I also have to seek protection in Mexico?

If You filled Your utility patent application with the USPTO under the Patent Cooperation Treaty option, there is no need to apply for a patent in Mexico.

In case you did not filled for the PCT option, you will then have to apply for a Patent in Mexico if you want to protect & license your invention in this country.

2- What can I do if I start having legal problems with my Patents in Mexico?

If You discover that someone is infringing your Patents, Industrial Secrets, Utility Models or breaching Your License & Technology Transfer Agreements in Mexico we can legally prosecute and help You recover your financial loss.

3- I have the rights to a New Vegetable Variety or Plant Patent in my Country. Do I need to protect it in Mexico?

If You have previously obtained the rights to a vegetable variety in the United States or another country, You will also need to obtain the Vegetable Varieties Obtainer Title from the Mexican Government in order to protect your vegetable variety invention against infringement.

We can help You obtain Your Vegetable Variety Title in Mexico and evaluate or create a strong Technology Transfer Agreement.

QUESTIONS ABOUT COPYRIGHTS

1- What is considered a Copyright in Mexico?

Copyrights are defined under Mexican Law as "Authorship Rights" and can protect original works of authorship, computer software, movies, videos, music, songs, novels, artwork, poetry and original databases among other forms of authorship.

2- How can I protect my Copyrights in Mexico?

Most copyrights that are registered in the United States are also protected in Mexico. However, Copyright License Agreements that transfer exclusive or non exclusive rights must obtain registration in Mexico.

We can help you register your copyright license agreements and prosecute infringement.

For a complimentary initial consultation or if You have any questions You can contact us Today at

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Intellectual Property Law - Copyrights and Trademarks - Law

Many businesses are constantly creating original intellectual property, this can be in the form of anything from articles, web pages to videos. As you are putting considerable time and resources into producing your original material it is understandable that you would also want to protect it. This is where copyright law comes into play.

Copyright will keep all of your original work protected from being used without your permission. If you discover that someone has breached your copyright and gone on to use your work without asking you first, you will have the right to take legal action against them to seek financial compensation.

If your work has a copyright you will be able to license it out and reproduce it in anyway you like. This means that you can receive an income from your copyrighted material.

In the UK you do not have to register to get a copyright. Copyright is created automatically as soon as an original work is made. A work has to be original to be granted a copyright, which means it must be significantly different to any other existing work. This is a qualitative evaluation as opposed to a quantitative measurement. To ensure that people are made aware that a work is protected by copyright you might want to consider adding a '' mark to any original material that you create along with the name of the person that made it and the date of which it was made.

Some industries such as the music industry are protected by copyright collection societies. These societies will often deal with licensing of copyrighted material on behalf of the copyright owner.

If you decide to licence out of your copyrighted material, you need to make sure that you have written up a firm copyright licensing agreement. This should include the terms in which you are licensing out the material, where it can be used and how long for. You should expect to get a fee for licensing out any copyrighted material and you should detail the amount in your agreement. This is known as a royalty.

You should ensure that you licensing agreement is written up by a legal professional to ensure that it is highly secure and that you don't leave yourself open to being exploited.

You may also wish to consider registering a trademark for your company. This should be a sign that people associate with your business and could be an image, logo, phrase or any other thing which identifies your company. If someone copies your trade mark you will be able to take legal action against them. Sometimes even if you haven't registered your trade mark you may be able to get compensation if another company uses your logo, as it is illegal to get trade by using a logo which is already associated with another company. When this happens it is known as 'passing off' but it can be difficult to prove.

If your company invents new products, you may wanted to consider getting them patent protected. A patent protects an invention for a specific amount of time so that no one else can make the same invention and sell it.

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Attention Lottery Industry Leaders: Ricky Ahluwalia, Creator Of The "Multi Player Scratch & Play" Concept - Entertainment

(1888PressRelease) Ricky Ahluwalia, Created the "Multi Player Scratch & Play" Concept during June 2011. The "Multi Player Scratch & Play Concept" allows two or more players to compete with each other on a single scratch card.

Ricky Ahluwalia, Created the "Multi Player Scratch & Play" Concept during June 2011. The "Multi Player Scratch & Play Concept" allows two or more players to compete with each other on a single scratch card. This concept is developed in form of "Horse Race Card." The "Multi Player Scratch & Play" Concept and the Game titled "Horse Race Card" is copyright & trademark protected.

The excellence of this creation gives the creator the pride of having no competition, as the concept is an original creation. Therefore, any other game involving "two or more players to compete with each other on a single scratch card" will be a direct violation of copyright.

Further development of the concept by the rights owner shall be limitless. For example; during Soccer World Cup, the concept can be developed as "Soccer World Card."

Ricky further suggests leaders of the lottery industry to acquire his concept, as the competition of this concept with the lottery industry is possible. On the contrary, the concept could be beneficial toward the lottery industry, if the concept is merged as a lottery card. A lottery card that can be used to play, instead of just a simple lottery ticket. Also, while used to play with other players, it will act as a direct promotion for other players to purchase the lottery ticket as well. While the "Multi Player Scratch & Play" is one time play per card, individuals will require multiple cards to play again, resulting in the purchase of more lottery tickets than usual.

Ricky is looking forward for his creation to be acquired by the most suitable team to vastly distribute worldwide, contributing to overall positive economic and social impact, while maximizing success as a whole.Ricky Ahluwalia, Created the "Multi Player Scratch & Play" Concept during June 2011. The "Multi Player Scratch & Play Concept" allows two or more players to compete with each other on a single scratch card. This concept is developed in form of "Horse Race Card." The "Multi Player Scratch & Play" Concept and the Game titled "Horse Race Card" is copyright & trademark protected.

The excellence of this creation gives the creator the pride of having no competition, as the concept is an original creation. Therefore, any other game involving "two or more players to compete with each other on a single scratch card" will be a direct violation of copyright.

Further development of the concept by the rights owner shall be limitless. For example; during Soccer World Cup, the concept can be developed as "Soccer World Card."

Ricky further suggests leaders of the lottery industry to acquire his concept, as the competition of this concept with the lottery industry is possible. On the contrary, the concept could be beneficial toward the lottery industry, if the concept is merged as a lottery card. A lottery card that can be used to play, instead of just a simple lottery ticket. Also, while used to play with other players, it will act as a direct promotion for other players to purchase the lottery ticket as well. While the "Multi Player Scratch & Play" is one time play per card, individuals will require multiple cards to play again, resulting in the purchase of more lottery tickets than usual.

Ricky is looking forward for his creation to be acquired by the most suitable team to vastly distribute worldwide, contributing to overall positive economic and social impact, while maximizing success as a whole.

Source:/attention-lottery-industry-leaders-ricky-ahluwalia-creator-pr-337579.html

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How to Get a Quality PS3 Game Copy - Technology

Much has been said about the sheer power that a PS3 possesses, in fact the United States Air Force has utilized the PS3 in its research on supercomputers. For gamers the PS3 is a blessing sent from console heaven, however even though the PS3 has one of the best, if not somewhat limited, game library of any console in this current generation, one deterrent for people or gamers to buy it is that the copyright authentication of any PS3 game makes it hard for people who buy the game to make a PS3 game copy. Unlike the PS3's console competitors who use HD-DVDs or just plain DVDs, the PS3 uses Blu-ray discs for its games. This makes it easy to make a PS3 game copy.

And so in order to get around the copyright authentication protection, what most gamers do is use PS3 game copy software. There is actually a lot of PS3 game copy software found on the internet although not all are actually legitimate and some would not even work. Sorting out the software that work and those that don't work is really the challenge in choosing good PS3 game copy software. Indeed there is a huge number of sites that offer software for ripping or copying PS3 games, and choosing the site that offers or hosts a good PS3 game copy software might be akin to looking for a needle in the haystack.

When you choose to use PS3 game copy software, what is left to do is to run the game on your PS3. This is also something that needs to be taken note of because not all PS3 game copies will play on the PS3 especially if the PS3 is a relatively new SKU. Also, if it has up to date firmware from Sony then the chances of playing the PS3 game copy that you ripped from the Blu-ray disc on it would be really low. To get around this concern, most gamers modify the PS3's firmware to an earlier version for it to accommodate not only PS3 game copies but also older titles from your PS2 and PSX game libraries since most PS3 SKU's don't have backward compatibility for older PS2 and PSX games.

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YouTube could be liable for copyright infringement as a result of Google's Acquisition. - Law

Can YouTube take refuse under the "safe harbor" provisions of the DMCA? That is the question of the day it seems for the video sharing web site. YouTube has been accused of intentionally developing and making available a technology with the intent to allow their users commit copyright infringement. This issue is directly on point with a case brought before the United States Supreme Court, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios inc. et al. v. Grokster, LTD., et al. in a peer to peer file sharing case.

The DMCA safe harbor provision grants a provider of "online services" immunity from copyright infringement resulting from creative works stored on its servers by users, so long as the provider satisfies the statute's requirements.

The real issue is whether users are placing their own content or that of others on the site. YouTube says it has implemented "technological mechanisms," including a "Content Verification Program," that are meant to locate and tag content so that it can be removed and blocked from future re-posting. YouTube can also make an arguments on the merits of the case based on the opinion in Grokster, where the court relied on a previous case holding, One who distributes a device with the object of promoting its use to infringe copyright, as shown by clear expression or other affirmative steps taken to foster infringement, going beyond mere distribution with knowledge of third-party action, is liable for the resulting acts of infringement by third parties using the device, regardless of the device's lawful uses. Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U. S. 417 p. 10-24. The court further held, copying technologies are acceptable if they provided "substantial non- infringing uses as well". This was the case when the TV networks sued Sony in the early 1980's for the invention of the VCR. The court held in that case that the only effect a VCR had on network TV was that of time shifting, and that in no way was the intent of Sony to allow users to intentionally violate the copyright act.

In this particular case, YouTube is not intentionally allowing for copyright infringement, but rather the inverse, where they have established policies and procedures to deal head-on with any potential copyright violation, including the development of technology built right into the web application.

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How to Distinguish Public Domain Works from Copyrighted Materials - Art - Humanities

Laws on Public Domain Differ among Countries

Please note that this article is mostly in relation to Public Domain (/warrior-special-offers-forum/35309-how-i-made-580k-using-public-domain-works.html) from the United States. Laws regarding copyright and intellectual properties vary across countries and regions. What is regarded as Public Domain in the US may not be so in other states or areas.

Public Domain Basics

In the United States, Public Domain belongs to what is commonly referred to as "copyright bargain." Authors of all media (written, music, video, images, etc.) are only given a collection of exclusive rights only for a limited number of years. This is the limited time window by which they can be capitalize and enjoy all the privileges that their creative works entails. After this period lapses, their works automatically enter the Public Domain (/warrior-special-offers-forum/35309-how-i-made-580k-using-public-domain-works.html) which makes it available for anyone to use for whatever reason. At this point, the author or their legal successor loses exclusive control and profit from the works.

The US Constitution

The US Constitution states that: "The Congress shall have the Power... To promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." (Article I, section 8, clause 8)

Purpose of Copyright Protection

The objective of Copyright is to "Promote the progress" of education, to encourage ingenuity and improvement. Public Domain (/warrior-special-offers-forum/35309-how-i-made-580k-using-public-domain-works.html) is an important ingredient in the development of a society. Authors are assured of protection to benefit from their works and to encourage them to produce more. But after this considerable timeframe, others are also given the chance to build and work on their original works and derive new ones. Thus, the author, practically contributes to history and the human civilization as a whole. Under most circumstances, the original creators are still acknowledged even in the derivative works.

The Public Domain Criteria

Works with expired copyrights are not the only ones belonging in the Public Domain. A material is considered part of Public Domain and available for public use if:

The US Copyright Act of 1978

The current Copyright Act was ratified in 1978. The copyright period for content published before 1978 was 75 years starting from the publication date prior to 1998. This translates to the yearly addition into Public Domain (/warrior-special-offers-forum/35309-how-i-made-580k-using-public-domain-works.html) of any work published before 1978 until everything eventually ended up for public use. But in 1998, the US Congress enacted measures to restrict Public Domain for another 20 years.

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DMCA Takedown ? To Solve A Copyright Infringement - Business

Infringement of copyrights on the Web is highly pervasive that it is easy to resign oneself to it as something which is out of one's control. Cease-and-desist letters or the demands for payments sent by the photographers to the infringers are often ignored. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) serves as an ideal solution to get rid of a copyright infringement. If you are facing an infringement and want to solve it, you can simply send a DMCA takedown notice to the infringer's ISP. As per the DMCA, in case an ISP is not liable for sharing information that may violate a copyright, the ISP must then remove materials from the users' websites that constitute the infringement of copyrights, after it receives a notice.The DMCA looks after a wide range of issues, along with the rights and obligations of owners of the copyrighted products who believe that their rights under U.S. copyright law have been violated on the Web. In addition to this, it also takes care of the right s and obligations of OSP / ISP (Internet Service Providers) on whose servers or networks the infringing information can be found. The DMCA takedown notice, an action taken by a copyright holder, his agent or person who can act on behalf of the copyright holder, offers an excellent solution to solve a copyright infringement.Under the DMCA takedown notice, the copyright holder or his agent asks the website owner, its hosting company or the ISP to remove or block access to the information that leads to the breach of copyrights. In order to solve the infringement effectively, the notice must be prepared while following the proper rules and regulations. The information contained in the notice must be accurate and clear, in order to ensure that it will not be ignored by the hosting company and ISP. After the website owner, hosting company or the ISP has received the notice. The hosting company and the ISP have received the notice, must respond immediately after receiving the notic e.Guardlex.com, a prominent online source, allows intellectual property (IP) owners to deal with the unauthorized distribution of their products or illegal usage of their trademarks, online. The company offers services to a large number of businesses and individuals who own an online business. Guardlex.com serves different segments of customers and provides them with a comprehensive solution and numerous Protection plans. It offers an array of dependable services including DMCA takedown services, basic protection of website's content, Pro-Active protection plan (for maximum anti-piracy content protection). For more information, please browse through

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What is Copyright and When Does a Work Fall into The Public Domain? - Business

What is Copyright?

Copyright is a legal tool that provides the creator of a work the right to control how a work is used.

US Copyright law is a Federal law which protects all kinds of works of authorship. This includes books, magazines, newspapers, and other writings. but can also include music, art, photographs, films/videos, computer software, maps, choreography, and architecture.

The owner of a works Copyright has the right to control how the work is reproduced, distributed, adapted, displayed, and performed.

So, if someone were to use a work that is Copyrighted the owner has the right to sue for suitable compensation for any losses.

But.....the copyright of a work does not last forever.

Some works are not, and never have been, protected by Copyright. For example: the works of Shakespeare. And the works of P.T. Barnum, the circus entertainer, who donated his autobiography to the Public Domain.

And when a work's copyright expires, that work then falls into the Public Domain. Which means that the work can be freely copied, distributed, adapted, or performed without asking for permission or without paying any royalty fees.

Copyright law is not that difficult but it is confusing because US Copyright law has been amended so many times.

How do you first find out if a work is Copyrighted?

First you need to ascertain if a work was published.

Here is a quick overview right up until 1978 (which is the effective date of the 1976 Copyright Act):

All works published in the US before 1923 are in the Public Domain.

Works published in the US between 1923 and 1963 may be in the Public Domain. It is estimated that 85% of all works published between those years have fallen into the Public Domain.

This sounds extraordinary but for those Copyrights to stay valid, the owners had to "renew" the Copyright in the 28th. year after publication. As you can imagine, most forgot. And, many had passed on.

So, in order to check that a work's copyright had been renewed you need to either hire a specialist company to do the search for you - or, perform the search yourself.

One such specialist company would be Thomson and Thomson based in Washington D.C.

If you want to perform the search yourself, you will need access to the Internet and, depending on when the work was published, the requisite website.

For works published between 1923 and 1949 you need to go to the Catalog of Copyright Entries (CCE). On this site you can search by year of publication (you need to add the 28 year renewal period) and look for the work under the author's last name. For example, for John s. Jacobs, you would search under Jacobs. If the work was Copyright renewed, it will be listed.

For works published 1950 to 1963 (inclusive) you will need to visit the Library of Congress (LOC) website. Here you can search by author or the title of the work. If the work appears, the Copyright was renewed and is NOT in the Public Domain. And therefore you cannot use it.

Any work un-published before the year 1978 will fall into the Public Domain 70 years after the author's death or by the end of 2002 - whichever is the greater. But if such a work was subsequently published between 1978 and 2002 then that work would not enter the Public Domain until at least the year 2047.

Finally, for all works created after 1978, whether published or not, will not fall into the Public Domain until at least the death of the author plus 70 years.

It is interesting to know that if a work was "renewed" in the 28th. year after publication, when that work would fall into the Public Domain. This can easily be calculated by first knowing the publication date, adding the 28 year renewal, and then a further 47 years (which, at the time was the second term of Copyright) and then adding a further 20 years (because of the Sonny Bono Copyright Extension Act). For example: a work publishe in 1923 would not fall into the Public Domain until the year 1923 +28+47+20=2018.

That's a long time to wait!

Much easier to search for one of the estimated 85% that were not renewed!

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How To Stop Online Copyright Infringement With A DMCA Complaint - Law

In 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act became a U.S. law. This controversial legislation was designed to bring copyright law in line with developing technologies and to afford protection to rights in the Internet environment.

Though vast in scope, one particular area of DMCA is of special interest to those who are suffering from an online copyright infringement. It stems from the "Safe Harbor Provisions" in Section 512 of the law.

In basic terms, the DMCA provides hosts of websites with a form of immunity from lawsuits stemming from copyright infringements that occur on "their" sites.

A host actually stores the data that comprises a website. Most people do not host their own sites and rely upon a host company to do the job. You can think of it in terms of an apartment owner.

The owner of the building (the host) rents out apartments (server space for websites) to tenants (webmasters).

The DMCA allows the landlord to avoid being held responsible for what tenants are doing in their individual apartments so long as they take appropriate action when notified of wrongdoing.

The Safe Harbor Provisions of the DMCA allow individuals to provide that notice to the host.

Thus, if you are being victimized by someone who is infringing upon your copyrights, you can advise the host of the problem and the host is then obligated to take down the offending content.

However, you can't just pick up the phone, call a host and demand that material be removed. Well, you can, but the host is under no obligation to listen to you.

The host will only be obligated to take action if you supply them with an appropriately structured DMCA "take down" complaint.

The law provides exactly what must be included in such a complaint. We've supplied a sample DMCA complaint in the Appendices of this text for additional guidance.

At a minimum, a valid DMCA complaint must contain the following:

* Detailed description of the copyrighted work that was allegedly infringed upon, in the form of the original URL of the image, text, or page or other information that can specify the copyrighted work.

* Detailed identification of the material, with enough information to locate the material. This includes what actions were taken in finding the material to the direct link to the infringing web page.

* Information to allow the Xanga Abuse team to contact you directly (Email address is preferred.)

* A statement that you in good faith believe that use of the copyrighted material is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.

* A sworn statement, made under penalty of perjury, that the information given is accurate and that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright holder or owner of an exclusive right.

* An electronic signature (your full legal name) of a person authorized to act on behalf of the copyright holder or owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.

Once you have created an appropriate DMCA complaint, it must be sent to the host.

Finding the host is usually not a difficult process. Although WhoIs data is unlikely to reveal the host (instead providing information about the registrar of the site), other tools like SamSpade can help.

If you can't determine the host, or are unable to get a satisfactory resolution from them, you may have some success by contacting the company through which the site was registered.

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Can You Stop Copyright Infringement on the Net? - Computers - Computer Games

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices or service intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works. It also criminalizes the act of circumventing an access control, whether or not there is actual infringement of copyright itself. In addition, it heightens the penalties for copyright infringement on the Internet. It has been amended in 1998 to also limit the liability of the provider of on-line services for copyright infringement by their users.In other words, internet users who upload or download torrents that are copyrighted can be pursued for litigation. With the use of Network Address Translation boxes and open WIFI networks, IP-based identification is not perfect. Practically anyone who uses the Internet can be framed for copyright infringement. An unauthorized use of a computer can potentially lead to the owner liable for infringement of copyrighting. A neighbour, a customer in a n internet shop, a classmate who borrowed your laptop. Anybody can make the mistake and make you pay for their mistake. And being accused of doing so can cost the accused settlement money for that sort of trouble to go away when in the first place anything that is in the Internet has been put there with the knowledge that others can copy or get it. And the law has unfairly included a protection for online service providers (OSP) including internet service providers (ISP) and other Internet intermediaries by giving them a safe harbour to hide in for their own acts of direct infringement of copyright when they make unauthorized copies and protecting them further by not making them liable for making the copies that others have copied.So the poor guy who has no idea that they are downloading a copy of a downloadable copyrighted software or application is the one who fells the full force of the law with nothing to protect them from it. Owners of these torrents, soft ware and othe r stuff can point their fingers anywhere as long as they provide an identification of an IP address that made a copy at one time. The owners claim are not unreasonable providing that they should develop a system that can give them very accurate, as much as possible, information on who should pay for these crime. And they should also make the online providers be more responsible by making them accountable for what they have made available on the Internet. They should also take care in providing warning that such torrent, soft ware, applications, etc. is copyrighted or not be allowed to put them there in the first place.

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Copyright For Fashion? The discussion - Publishing - Copywriting

The copying of fashion design originals - "knocking off" or "affordable interpretation," depending on your point of view - is a practice that designers may have grudgingly accepted in the past, when less expensive copies took some time to reach stores and only those consumers who could afford the designer-label originals could be the first to follow a trend. This practice is costing designers greatly as more advanced technology makes it possible to see high-quality copies appear in stores before the original has even hit the market. While it has long been the practice of the American fashion industry to knock off European designs, American designers did not copy one another. They registered their original sketches with a trade group called the Fashion Originators Guild, an organization that urged retailers to prohibit styles known to be knockoffs.

In 1941, the Supreme Court held that the Guild was an unreasonable restraint-of-trade; the end of the Guild marked the beginning of the knocking off "free-for-all" that we are familiar with today began. It is now common for imitators to photograph the clothes in a designer's runway show, send the photo to a factory to be copied, and have a sample ready within a couple of days for retail buyers to order. Since fashion collections are displayed in runway shows approximately four to five months before they are available to the public, this leaves the fashion impersonator plenty of time to get the copies to stores at the same time, if not earlier, than the originals. Designers assert that design piracy cuts into their longstanding franchise of uniqueness, lowers their sales volume, and ultimately removes incentives for creativity.

Sometimes the same department stores that carry the higher-priced version of a garment will also sell the lower-priced knockoff, often under the store's private label. Knocking-off is widespread in the fashion industry and even those designers who fume over being copied are not above doing it themselves. Because of the speed with which designs can be recreated, it is not even always clear which designer created the original and which designer simply copied it. This discussion will explore how protection of fashion works fits - or does not fit - into the current intellectual property law framework in the United States. The overall organization of this discussion is a systematic consideration of possible protection for works of fashion under copyright, patent, and trade dress law. This discussion will encompass not only the current state of the law, but also proposals for reform, such as an amendment to the Copyright Act to protect fashion works.

The central question is whether fashion design is an art worthy of protection or a craft whose practitioners can freely copy one another. In an industry where many designers come out with similar looks each season - and where inspiration is said to be "in the air" - designers and the thriving knockoff industry are fiercely debating the issue.

Another key question: whether knockoffs actually benefit the industry as a whole. Copying, some argue, propels the fashion cycle forward by creating popular trends that encourage designers to move on to the next big idea. In what they call the "piracy paradox," law professors Kal Raustiala of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Christopher Sprigman of the University of Virginia argue that copying makes trends drench the market quickly, driving the fashion cognoscenti to search out newer looks. "If copying were illegal, the fashion cycle would occur very slowly, if at all," While they admit copying can harm individual designers, they say Congress should protect industries only when piracy stymies -- rather than encourages -- innovation.

Despite the apparent unsuitability of copyright protection to works of fashion, commentators are often confused by the anomalies in copyright law under which fashion accessories, works of architecture, and computer chip designs are eligible for copyright protection. Some argue that since copyright has already been extended to protect the aforementioned items, copyright may be the best legal tool that fashion designers have when fighting design piracy.

For example, Robert Denicola has argued that it would be more consistent with the legal principles of intellectual property law to draw the line of copyright with respect to arguably "useful articles" by shaping whether, in the process of creating the item, the designer focused primarily on aesthetic or utilitarian consideration. Such a test would to a great extent improve the odds that works of fashion would be granted copyright protection, as most fashion designers are concerned with the aesthetic rather than the functional aspects of their clothing.

The specific extension of copyright to fashion works would have many advantages for designers. First, a copyright owner may seek an injunctive remedy to prevent the impersonator of his or her design from making and selling copies of the original. Second, copyright law allows for the imposing and discarding of the infringing items. Third, the copyright owner can recover damages, either actual or statutory, and also profits. Finally, the copyright owner may be able to recover court costs and attorney's fees. This last remedy is especially important in fashion design cases, as it allows small new designers to take on big manufacturers whose greater power and financial resources would otherwise be an intractable obstacle.Despite these advantages to fashion designers, an amendment to the Copyright Act for works of fashion is not likely to be passed soon. As one commentator concisely stated that the current situation of the legislators and courts has a great deal of trouble seei ng past the utilitarian function of a piece of clothing. While industrial designs have been the subject of repeated bills, Congress has explicitly excluded fashion works from these bills. For example, while the Design Anti-Piracy Act of 1989 would have protected original designs of useful articles against unauthorized copying, the bill would have barred apparel designs composed of three-dimensional shapes and surfaces with respect to apparel. According to one commentator, this exclusion has no basis in any discernible principle. It was added to help still the vociferous opposition of retailers to the bill." In this current climate of judicial and legislative hostility, copyright protection will probably not be extended to specifically protect fashion works.

Fashion seems to be an industry particularly ill-suited to legal restrictions against copying. Copying - or "borrowing" or "reinterpreting" - is prevalent at every level of the fashion industry. When a lower-priced designer knocks off a higher-priced designer's clothing, the copy may be a huge success because it offers more value for the price. But it is the higher-priced designers who are copying each other.

Fashion designers labors over their finished product just like any other creator or inventor. It takes hours upon hours of careful effort until a dress with just the right cut or a purse with the perfect design is complete. Why should this hard work and effort not grant the person behind the creation some level of security, allowing them to collect the benefits of their labor?

As a matter of Public policy it is generally believed that copycats are good for the economy. The claim asserts that preventing copyright for fashion eliminates the possibility of a monopoly by providing the consumer with lower priced knockoffs. Furthermore it is contended that knockoffs really promote business for the designer by creating a market for a style of fashion. But do we believe this actually? And what's wrong with having a monopoly on fashion? When a consumer spends thousands of dollars on a purse or a dress that others will recognise as a Louis Vuitton or Versace, they should be able to enjoy the exclusivity that comes with such a purchase. Knockoffs steal from the consumer of their exclusive right to enjoy a specific product.

There are policy based arguments behind the government's resistance to providing a copyright for fashion; ranging from the dislike for creation of monopolies to improving the market.

If the designer believes another person infringed his copyright, he could sue those who sell or manufacture the design in any federal court. Those found guilty would face fines of 250,000 or $5 a copy, whichever is greater.

To read more articles on Textile, Fashion, Apparel, Technology, Retail and General please visit /industry-article. If you wish to download/republish the above article to your website or newsletters then please include the "Article Source". Also, you have to make it hyperlinked to our site.

Copyright 2006

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Hiring a Copyright Lawyer to Understand the Law - Law

Many different parties rely up their copyright, therefore individuals, SMEs or large corporations often all invoke their rights.

The law surrounding this particular legal issue can be quite complex, so if you find yourself with a copyright problem it is definitely a good idea to talk to some specialist copyright lawyers in order to get a better understanding of the issue and to work out an effective solution. Read on for more information on the sort of issues a copyright lawyer deals with on a regular basis.

This area of law goes back to the 1709 Statute of Anne, when it entered common law and then, in 1911 it became statutory when the Copyright Act was passed. Most modern cases come under the 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act.

This covers a range of difference issues and the 1988 Act states that if you are the creator of some material, you essentially have the right to decide how that material can be used. For instance, if you write a book or other literature, create dramatic, artistic or musical works, make a broadcast, film or sound recording, you are covered by the Act. If someone uses your work without your consent, such as by lending it out to the public, you might need to talk to a copyright lawyer to work out what to do.

Your rights cover things such as asserting your right to be identified as the author of a piece of work, as well as when it comes to issues of broadcasting, public performances, copying, lending, renting and adapting a piece of work that you have created. If you ever suspect that one or more of these rights has been breached in relation to a piece of your work [in what is known as copyright infringement], copyright lawyers will be able to advise you on your next steps.

If your work is going to be covered by copyright law then it needs to be an original piece of work and to have required a certain amount of judgement, labour or skill. It does not specifically incorporate ideas; rather, it refers to actual, tangible pieces of work. So, if you told someone you were going to write a novel on a specific subject and they used the idea, that wouldn't be a breach. However, it would be a breach of your copyright if they stole the actual text of a novel you have written.

Things like this make this particular type of intellectual property law complicated, which is why you will find that copyright lawyers are so important.

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Understanding Copyright - Internet

When you create original content, it is automatically copyrighted, but you should know about copyrights and how to specifically mark your work. Also, establishing the date of creation is very important.

The basis for copyright law in the USA is found in the United States Constitution in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 as follows:

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.

The first copyright law was the Copyright Act of 1790. We are currently operating under the Copyright of 1976 as amended.

Copyrights have a term of the life of the author plus 70 years. We Boomers can thank Sonny Bono (Sonny and Cher) for this. The Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998--alternatively known as the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act set the current term of copyrights.

When you write original content, it is copyrighted even if you do not specify "Copyright" or use the "circle C" copyright symbol.

However, it is best to declare your works are copyrighted. The proper way to do this is "Copyright (Date of first Creation) ( Name of author).

The best way to approach using any information that you have not created yourself is to consider that it is copyrighted.

To copyright an item, you must establish a dated record of some type when you first created the item so you can prove the date of the copyright if someone challenges you. The earliest date will get the copyright. Before computers, a technique was to write the piece and have it notarized or witnessed. Another technique was to enclose the item in an envelope and mail it to yourself. The postmark established the date.

Now we have computers that record the date of file creation for anything we record on them. This date becomes the date of the copyright.

All you have to do to copyright something is to create it and follow the previously specified procedure by specifying "Copyright (Date of first Creation) ( Name of author)" Use of the copyright symbol is not required.

The following procedure is for MS Word: To insert the copyright symbol, click Insert on the tool bar, Click Symbol on the dropdown and you will be presented a table of all kinds of symbols. Highlight the "circle C" and click the Insert button and the will appear where your cursor is located. You will have to click on the Close button to close the Symbol box.

There, that was easy. Now start creating content on which you can proudly hang that "circle C".

Copyright 2006 John Howe, Inc.

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Mobile Internet is the more important trend in the future of the development ? - Business

November 18, 2011, erin advisory group in the Shanghai pudong kerry hotel at sixth annual summit, the current annual meeting set the "new economy" and "e-commerce" the two themes, from the point of view of Internet users to further exploration of the business operation, the integrated marketing development, marketing technology innovation and so on many aspects of the network economy faces challenges and opportunities.

The Internet the high speed development of economy caused industry many think, reviewing 2011, how to interpret the electronic commerce development trend? Traditional enterprise electricity traders road how to break out of the inning? Electronic business investment and financing of foam and valuations? Overseas investors to look at China's Internet economy? How to interpret the mobile Internet hot trend "SoLoMo & mobile business"? New media times of integrated marketing challenge and opportunity is??????? The hot spots in the above issues will be in Shanghai the sixth annual summit by the ereli guests to answer, and the industry and the guests to share and discuss.

The following is erin nets and odd art sales operation director GeChengZhi "continued ascension marketing income scale" the topic of discussion site video:

Host: each netizen hello. Welcome to erin interview, we are now in 2011 Shanghai the sixth annual summit site ereli. My side this is odd art sales sales operation director Mr. GeChengZhi, welcome you.

GeChengZhi: very happy to be in the YiRuiNian meeting and all of you to meet.

Host: Gregory total this year, to $300 million, art a big investment, then this investment will do what kind of planning, you now can revealed some?

GeChengZhi: from video website's point of view, the most critical part of main or in the content on some of the expanding, of course also include some, because video website especially as a hd video art that's web site will tell, including some bandwidth expenses. Content Angle, on the one hand, is to intensify the existing, has more advantages of some, for example in the movie, TV, documentaries, anime some of the outside investment, so in 2012, we will also consider develop some new fields. For example, like fashion the domain, and sports this way, we do have some consideration. I think this may be our main a development direction. Including we will continue in technology products to continue increasing investment. Because this can say is odd art online after the most Internet users may see, or the using feeling has some of the features a characteristics, so in this respect we will last for input.

Host: video website may be more burn money of a category, because in the cost of the bandwidth may be more money, the purchase video copyright will also spend a lot of money, you think of this video copyright price, in the present industry level to see, is there a little too high?

GeChengZhi: video copyright itself is also a commodity, so if is the commodity of words, will follow basic law of value and the basic law of supply and demand. From the perspective of supply and demand, and now I think that at present market price is indeed the copyright by supply and demand to determine some of the more. As for and the contact between the value, it can be said that supply and demand of the status of the dominant, as for the high or low of words, I think now that exists, that has a rationality, the rationality is only exists in supply and demand it.

Host: buy the most expensive's art which a TV show, or what kind of products?

GeChengZhi: this is really me WenZhu, because I was mainly do sales this, not do the copyright of the purchase, this aspect can reference some Marketing Department of more foreign propaganda.

Host: I heard strange art from Taiwan please many famous producer, do some more characteristics of entertainment, can you explain the entertainment of viewing the situation?

GeChengZhi: from the odd art homemade Angle, we compare the attention of specialized road. For example with homemade entertainment, for example, on one hand we will and Taiwan's like the KangXiLai "such a production team cooperation, and two gears entertainment programs, including especially the love enough didn't", Taiwan famous host ChenHanDian as our host, is welcome by the audience. From the few period speaking, there have been many issue of the play, beyond the itself in Taiwan do the KangXiLai "play flow, probably we in the Marketing Department to see above statistics, then we in about a month and a half to two and a half months or so of the time, to reach 15 million-18 million play level.

Including the future of words, may we also continue to be considering this and some well-known of variety show teamwork, even consider and some overseas beyond some of the team in China to integration, including to design some unique entertainment. I believe that see, I think probably the end of this year or early next year at the time, you will see some of our updated entertainment form.

Host: for video web site may, it is more of entertainment programs, or was it a life is related with the sports, leisure kind thing, may be the fire. But with the traditional TV media to than might be more serious some content is less, then you feel if this video website this feature because and decision. Odd art will more serious content in aspect, is to launch its own characteristic columns? For example of politics news programs, for example, is the essence of the column of wikipedia, do not know the dodgers art will not through the video of the form?

GeChengZhi: I think video website is belong to the state administration of radio, part of management, we should in national policies within the scope of management to conduct our business plan. Will tell from the current politics show, the video site intervention to this aspect, on the one hand, there are some policy requirements, but also including from our own a content of the organization and finishing were not in a particularly good at. So I find in this strange art of motion planning may not very large.

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