Copyright vs. Ownership: The Right to Jailbreak - Hobbies - Games

The infamous hacker George Hotz, a.k.a. Geohot,have been sued by Sony of America for publishing tools and information which may be helpful to "ps jailbreak (override the program limitations of) the Playstation 3 slim video game console. Sony alleges that Hotz' tools, by enabling gamers to experiment with illegally copied games, encourage copyright infringement in violation from the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Hotz case reflects quite a hotly debated question within the courts today: Who really owns a PS3?

The after-market modification of electronic devices is not a novice to Sony or any other digital camera manufacturers. Sony first experienced console modification with the original PlayStation, as some gamers would modify the console's hardware so that you can play illegally copied games burned on rewritable CDs. Soon after, Microsoft's Xbox console became a popular target of modification because of game save vulnerability which allowed gamers to pirate and modify games. Today, just about any company creating gadgets has to be worried about some kind of end-user modification: Hotz is usually the cause of jailbreaking Apple's iPhone, which allows the phone to work with different cellphone networks and Apple-prohibited applications.

17 United states of america Code 1201 prohibits the circumvention of technological measure[s] that effectively control access to copyrighted material. The Library of Congress provided an exemption for this statute for hackers like Hotz truly, after Apple sought to go to court individuals that ps3 break their iPhones. To enable his PS3 modifications to belong to this exemption, Hotz must show that his hacking was for interoperability that is, that his modifications encourage the PS3 to operate with some other programs , nor facilitate copyright infringement. Though Hotz does claim he earned a specialized effort to stop enabling piracy, his modifications nevertheless provided the education for some individuals to pirate, of course , if Sony can establish others are using Hotz's tools to illegally copy games, they might win their case.

Hotz's case represents a hotly debated legal issue within the courts today: The scope of ownership of electronics. As Hotz and others would argue, someone who purchases an electronic digital device just like a PS3 has unrestricted usage of their device: They can participate in it, hack it or even just throw them back a cliff. Such a complete ownership would allow consumers the unconditional directly to modify their devices, even though modifications would enable potential copyright infringement. Manufacturers like Sony would believe that parts of the device the built-in limitations and code especially are still the house and property of your manufacturer and they are thus illegal to tamper with. So ,, the buyer might be more being a licensee, who may take a device only in terms prescribed because of the manufacturer.

The visible difference in these scopes of ownership means quite a bit to the everyday person: If companies could control their devices after selling them, they could disable or change them at their leisure. Apple recently patented a means to remotely disable iPhones and iPads that exhibit suspicious behavior, which could be employed to remotely disable modified iPhones and iPads without warning. Microsoft used similar methods to remotely disable modified Xbox 360 system consoles in 2009. If left unchecked, users who've modified their electronic devices or use their devices incorrectly?? may soon find it remotely disabled by secretive updates or changes out of nowhere.

Though these methods seem draconian, you can find non-copyright-related explanations why manufacturers like Sony and Apple may decide to utilize them. In many cases, modified devices may have a detrimental relation to the quality of provided services. ps3 jailbreak iPhones enable network tools that are fitted with the wide ranging to heavily tax AT&T networks, seriously harming other consumers iPhone capabilities. Modifications to the Xbox allowed gamers to simply cheat at popular flash games, harming legitimate online competition. Theoretically, a version of a post-purchase control is needed to make sure all consumers can start to play some as originally developed ?a the debate, naturally, ends simply how much control is very necessary.

So who really owns a PS3 or another privately purchased electronic devices? That question may soon be answered through the courts. A remarkably similar Playing field of Warcraft-related tampering case could possibly be appealed entirely on the Supreme Court, as federal courts currently disagree regarding whether a copyright owner can sue whenever a consumer circumvents copyright protection without infringing copyright law. In spite of a real case, the battle between consumer autonomy and copyright protection rages on, and this will take much more time, litigation and legislation so that you can fully answer questions regarding scopes of ownership. Nevertheless, for the moment, a lot of things are certain: hackers like Hotz continues to perform new and innovative things with technology that toe the road of legality, and computer manufacturers will constantly be seeking new strategies to protect their proprietary interests from the ever-changing world

of electronic devices.

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When to Use a Copyright Solicitor - Law

There are a set of issues which frequently arise when you deal with copyright. If you find yourself in a situation which you encounter one of these issues, you should get advice from an experienced solicitor. This advice will steer you on the right course of action.

This article looks at some of the most common issues that come up in this complex area of the law.

Copyright ownership

Ownership can sometimes prove to be a tricky issue and proving that you have the rights over a piece of work can sometimes be difficult. Sometimes, however, the lines of ownership can be blurred and so talking to a copyright solicitor will definitely be a good option.

For instance, if you created a piece of work for a company while you were in their employment, it can be hard to obtain the rights for yourself as you may have had to sign a contract stipulating that all of the rights belong to the company. Also, if you created a piece of work alongside another person or if you commissioned someone to produce work on your behalf, the issue of copyright will also be a lot more complicated. This is why it is so important to set down the rights of everyone involved when a piece of work is originally created. A copyright solicitor will be able to help ensure that the best possible deal is struck.

Copyright protection

Protection is another issue that copyright solicitors often have to deal with in the course of their work. If you are the owner of a piece of work then it is important that you protect your rights and, if you are willing for other people to make use of your work in some way, it's vital that you are careful about how you do this. Your solicitor will be able to provide you with the right copyright legal advice on issues such as licensing, assignments and sales, in order to make sure you get the most appropriate deal for your needs.

Copyright infringement

Infringement is something else that your solicitors will be able to assist you on. For instance, if you create a piece of work and then it is used in a way that infringes on your rights (such as a creative work being performed without permission), this counts as an infringement of copyright. Your specialist solicitor will be able to advise you on your options in order to work out the best solution in the circumstances. This could include getting the people to stop using your work altogether, or setting up licensing arrangements that would require them to pay to keep using your work.

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Why You Must Obey Movie Copyright Laws In The Digital Age - Law

Many people have pursued the hobby of downloading movies and songs on the Internet and sharing them with their friends and family online. However, this is direct violation of U.S. copyright laws. Not surprisingly, the biggest violators of the movie copyright laws are students. The movie industry is sending out copyright infringement claims to college universities around the country. One reason that college students may be the hardest hit is that they are not aware of how serious a crime copyright infringement is.

Many college students who have lawsuits brought against them are shocked, to say the least. They question why they were not warned about the perils of downloading movies and songs online and passing them along to friends. However, with the rise of claims, no one can claim ignorance for much longer. Word is being spread near and far that if you engage in illegal downloading and/or sharing, then you can be brought to court. College students are learning the hard way that it is against the law and in violation of copyright laws to share or download copyrighted material. Many colleges and universities now state in their handbooks that it is against the law to illegally download movies, music and other forms of media using school computers.

In addition to illegal downloading and sharing movies, the files take up space on the computer systems and use a considerable amount of bandwidth. While most universities and colleges will not look at the content an individual has -- they can isolate and identify the individuals who are hogging up bandwidth by using illegal file sharing.

The movie and music industries have stepped in and are demanding restitution for illegally downloaded movies, music and other forms of copyrighted media. They have detection agencies that have the technology to identify and trace copyright infringements straight to their source. Once the computer is located they can notify the university or the college that they are in violation. The university will be told that they have a copyright infringement claim against them. Based on the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, once the computer is isolated, then Internet access is terminated to that computer and court proceedings can begin.

Does this sound far fetched? Well, it is not. You should know that a few years ago Recording Industry Association of America sued four students. These students attended Princeton, Michigan Technical University and Rensselear Polytechnic Institute. One student had an estimated liability of $150 billion. When you consider that you can be charged $750 per song that you illegally download, the total can add up fast! The good thing is the lawsuits against the college students were settled for amounts less than $20,000. That is not pocket change for college students -- or anyone for that matter!

Movies and music are meant to be enjoyed. However, illegally downloading movies and music is not much different than walking into a video store and sticking DVDs and CDs in your pocket. Be careful. You do not want to be caught violating any movie copyright laws.

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Why You Should Respect Copyright Notices - Law

If you steal materials from someone else and use it at your website, you might get away with it. It's possible that no one will notice.

Even if someone does notice, you will probably just receive an email asking for its removal. If you comply with that request, nothing else will happen to you.

Even if you ignore that letter, you will probably just have to suffer a temporary take down of the offending page until you make requisite adjustments.

You probably won't be sued.

So, considering just how unlikely it is to run into life-threatening trouble from infringing upon someone else's rights, why should you care?

Let's outline a few reasons why no one should intentionally act in a manner that infringes someone else's intellectual property rights.

Moral reasons. Most of us would agree that stealing is wrong. Regardless of our faiths and backgrounds, most of us accept the notion that stealing is immoral and is something we probably ought not to be doing. Infringing upon copyrights is a form of stealing.

It represents the theft of personal property in the form of an idea, writing or image. It represents stealing potential profit from the creator of the item in question by diluting its uniqueness and reifying a structure that allows for theft. If you infringe upon a copyright, you are stealing.

Social reasons. The idea that we should "do unto others" isn't merely a moral consideration. It has real-world justifications.

So long as we respect the rights of one another, we can continue to function in a relatively well-organized and pleasant society. When property rights cease to matter, that certainly isn't the case. Respect for personal rights is the glue that holds society together.

Risk exists. Although the risk associated with the use of stolen materials may seem slight, it is present. Its consequences can be high, in relative terms, too.

Stealing someone else's copyrighted material may not land you in prison, but it can force you do deal with take down notices and other inefficiencies.

Additionally, if a lawsuit should be filed against you or other legal action taken, the consequences will undoubtedly outstrip the value of your misappropriation.

Basic risk analysis dictates avoiding copyright infringement. Even if the likelihood of a negative consequence seems slight, the potential impact is simply too great to risk.

There is also the very real risk that your identification as a copyright infringer could have horrible repercussions on your business and ability to socially engage others online.

It may not be a scarlet "A" across your chest, but getting the scarlet "circled C" on the chest of your avatar can be almost as bad.

In the end, we should recognize and respect the rights of others because it is the right thing to do. That should be enough of a justification.

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The Musician's Guide On How To Copyright Music - Law

Music is copyrighted as soon as you present it in a fixed form. It doesn't matter whether that fixed form is written sheet music or a recording. Most people who copyright music do so for the extra legal protection. Even though a copyright is good to have, it is essentially worthless unless you've registered your copyright with the Library of Congress. You will need to fill out an application, pay a fee, and provide a copy of your music. As far as government dealings go, this is one of the least painful. Even the application fee is marginal when you consider the fact you are protecting potential future profits and royalties from your music.

Even if you aren't a talented performer, it doesn't mean your music will never be seen or heard, nor does it mean you should not bother copyrighting your music. One day you might find yourself more in demand for your talents than you ever dreamed possible. It is important to protect your music now more than ever before in history due to widespread music piracy and illegal music file-sharing.

Once you understand how to copyright music, you should copyright every sheet of music which you have produced. This involves registering each and every piece of music with the Library of Congress. Even if you must copyright one piece at a time until you manage to copyright all of them, it is much better to be safe than sorry should you ever go to trial in a copyright infringement case.

Copyright Music, Consecutive Notes, and Fair Use

Copyright music, consecutive notes, and lyrics are all covered under the blanket of copyright protection. Once you've registered your copyright you have legal recourse should someone steal or "borrow" any part of your music without permission. Many websites which publish lyrics to your favorite song are actually infringing on the copyright of the author and the recording artist. It is not legal to use any part of the song that isn't covered by Fair Use without the express permission of the holder of the copyright. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between Fair Use and copyright infringement. Copyrighted music pays musicians royalties, while Fair Use will not take those future payments from the authors for the sake of personal entertainment.

Fair Use was once thought to mean that if you weren't making money from the copy or use of materials then it was allowable. This is one of the arguments that was used when defending massive file sharing servers; the defense, however, falls flat of the law. It is illegal to share copyright music, consecutive notes, lyrics, tabs, chords, or any other part of the music. The only case in which copying of music is clearly allowable is when used for non-profit education and educational research, for the purpose of criticism, commentary, and news reporting. According to copyright law, ripping your CDs is an infringement of copyright.

The result of massive file sharing has prompted new laws to address the problem and provide a clearer definition of what is not allowable. According to recent amendments, you must have the express permission of the performer to fix the sounds or images into any type of phonorecord, to transmit these sounds to others, or to offer to distribute, sell, or rent any of the copyrighted material. That about sums up file sharing in a nutshell and clearly establishes the practice as illegal.

Many musicians and artists copyright music, lyrics, and performances to protect those things from abuse, misuse, and to protect their interests. While some may be artists who perform for the sake of the art, most of them are not independently wealthy and need the income that results from the sales of their music. Many have families to feed as well as fabulous lifestyles. Regardless of their inherent needs for the funds, they've provided a service (entertainment) that we place a certain value on and they deserve to get paid for the services they provide.

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Taking A Copyright Thief To Court - Law

If all else fails, you can file a copyright infringement lawsuit. This remedy has some drawbacks.

Litigation can be costly. In many cases, the likely value of the misappropriated material and any damages received will be less than the amount obtainable in a judgment.

You also have to deal with the very real problem of collecting a judgment. In many cases, the offending party will be unable to pay if you prevail, and collecting via wage attachment or other options may be inefficient and impractical.

If the case crosses into a foreign country, things become even more complicated. Enforcing a judgment against a foreign entity can be remarkably problematic.

Copyright infringement cases are governed by federal statute and case law and must be filed in a Federal District Court.

If you own a copyright and can successfully prove a violation, you may be able to win damages that approximate the profits lost from the infringement and the profit generated by the offender during the period of violation. You can also receive statutory damages that may reach as much as $150,000 per violation.

During the case itself, you may also be able to get a restraining order requiring the offending party to remove the material until the matter is resolved.

Fighting copyright infringement in the courts can make sense in the right situations. When the value of the content is significant and you can prove your case effectively, it may be sufficiently lucrative to pursue. A willingness to litigate may also signal that you take copyright infringement seriously, acting as a deterrent to other would-be thieves.

Pursuing a copyright infringement case does require a high level of specialized skill. Thus, anyone considering a case of this sort is advised to seek representation from appropriately qualified legal counsel. This is not a do-it-yourself project.

In most cases, litigation just doesn't make sense. However, it may be necessary when all other remedies are exhausted and a violating party refuses to take appropriate action.

Before instigating legal action, make sure you have clearly assessed the merits of your case with your attorney and that you are prepared to see the matter through. If you aren't ready to take that kind of action, it may make more sense to do your best to seek other remedies.

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Use The DMCA Takedown Notice To Deal With The Violation Of Copyright - Business

Finding an illegal or unauthorized use of your products online is very upsetting. One of the solutions for this issue is to contact an experienced and knowledgeable attorney for assistance. But in case you have not registered your product prior to the infringement, you won't be eligible for statutory damages. Attorneys take such cases only under particular circumstances and pursuing such an infringement will cost you a lot, as you will have to pay the attorney on an hourly basis. Another alternative is that you yourself send a cease and desist and/or demand for payment to the infringer but, such requests are mostly ignored.The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, commonly known as DMCA is another option. DMCA is a United States Copyright law that was enacted in 1998. It implemented treaties signed at the 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Geneva conference. It addresses a wide range of issues, as well as the rights and obligations of owners of the copyrighte d products, who believe their rights under U.S. copyright law have been breached online. DMCA also focuses on the rights and obligations of OSP / ISP (Internet Service Providers) on whose servers or networks the infringing material can be found. The DMCA takedown is an action taken by a copyright holder, his agent or any person who acts on behalf of the copyright holder, in order to solve a copyright infringement.Under this, the copyright holder or his agent requests a website owner, its hosting company or ISP to remove or block access to the material that violates the copyrights. This action should be taken by sending a DMCA take down notice to the website owner, hosting company or ISP. A DMCA takedown notice must be prepared as per the rules and the information mentioned in the notice must also be accurate and properly formatted, as it may otherwise be ignored by the website owner, hosting company and ISP. After the hosting company and the ISP have received the notice, the y must respond as soon as possible. It usually takes up to 10 days to remove content and block access to it.Guardlex.com is a leading online source that allows intellectual property (IP) owners to fight with the unauthorized distribution of their products or illegal usage of their trademarks, on the web. The company has gained recognition for serving a majority of businesses and individuals who have online businesses. Guardlex.com provides different segments of customers with a comprehensive solution and also offers them numerous Protection plans. The wide range of services offered by the firm includes DMCA takedown services, basic protection of website's content, as well as the Pro-Active protection plan which is known for providing maximum anti-piracy content protection.

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Wedding ceremony Photography on DVD - Business

Much more wedding photographers nowadays are supplying full resolution and customized retouched JPEGs on DVD with total copyright release. But is obtaining your valuable wedding photographs on DVDs this kind of a wonderful strategy?

Some individuals, which include a couple of qualified photographers, believe DVDs may possibly only hold information for up to 8 to 10 a long time at ideal. This is most likely rather exact for most typical consumer grade DVDs. However, for archiving essential files, gold archival DVDs are offered which may well retain precious photographs and other files archived through a hundred many years. You could find suppliers of gold archival DVDs by only seeking with this phrase in all the well-liked investigation engines. As of time of this creating, gold archival DVDs expense all around $2.50 every. It is also superior to know that there are blu-ray discs for high definition wedding movies which may possibly count on to hold the video clip for over 200 years as effectively. To these photographers who are not so positive no matter if Gold Archival DVDs will maintain wedding ceremony images for so quite a few a long time, I remind them, gold is inert and does not oxidize. At mini mal, it is affordable to expect and imagine 24 karat gold enveloped in a scratch resistant coating must be more archival than the typical photo paper and chemical method which puts a wedding ceremony picture on leading of a sheet of paper! However, there are some photographers who want brides to feel the chemical course of action of placing an image on top rated of a sheet of conventional image paper is additional archival than 24 karat gold and which has been enveloped in a scratch resistant coating!

Brides who retain a professional wedding ceremony photographer who will give her wedding photographs on DVDs might want to make positive the photographer makes use of gold archival DVDs. Some professional photographers, including myself, will give on gold archival DVDs at a slightly higher price. Brides who prefer not to pay out the better charge for gold archival DVDs know they will just be working with the typical DVDs as a medium via which to get their wedding ceremony images for archiving on electronic storage media in its different varieties. The DVD is only a momentary moveable indicates of sharing individuals pictures with others to duplicate and print.

DVD technological innovation is therefore not a dilemma. But the principle of providing qualified wedding ceremony photography with entire resolution, customized retouched and complete copyright introduced JPEGs on DVDs is the basis of a non-conventional small business model for the marriage ceremony photographer. How does this new and expanding "DVD marriage ceremony photographer" business product assess to the classic "album package marriage ceremony photographer" model?

Initially thing you will discover which distinguishes these two photographers is the DVD wedding photographer does not contractually obligate the consumer to a marriage ceremony album at time of signing the wedding contract. The DVD photographer prefers to allow the consumer to initially perspective their wedding photographs. After the client has viewed her pictures, chosen her favorite horizontal, vertical and a variety of dimensions, it can be additional very easily decided the marriage ceremony album the bride will basically require which very best suits her particular demands and flavor. Album deal photographers on the other hand should obligate the bride to some pre-intended album bundle prior to the bride has seen any photography at all. Though this tends to make business perception and must be needed by the album offer photographer, it is purely in the self-fascination of the photographer and reveals no worry for the greatest curiosity of the bride.

The 2nd most distinguishing difference is that from the DVD wedding ceremony photographer the bride simply gets the important DVD of full resolution, tailor made retouched and entire copyright introduced images. This benefit is not even on the table with album bundle photographers. And what a list of sensible rewards the wedding ceremony DVD supplies to the bride!

1. Cropping, retouching, photo tilting, blowing-up and other innovative picture manipulation and management as she desires for her images and album(s).

2. If her photographer retires, moves out of state, passes absent, goes out of company, suffers a company catastrophe or whichever, the bride has her marriage ceremony photos! She has them!

3. If the bride's wedding album gets lost, broken or stolen, she can always very easily have another new album produced since she has her marriage ceremony DVD.

4. She does not have to spend the photographer a middle man payment to have prints made. She could deliver her pictures from her DVD to her favorite on the internet or nearby photo lab for printing at direct lab charges. Of program, we all know that album package deal photographers sure can have a center man payment tacked on print and album selling prices!

5. Most, nevertheless not all, album package deal photographers necessitate the bride and groom to place their album purchase inside 30 to 60 days right after the wedding ceremony date. This can generally be an inconvenience for the new couple just starting up and who have preparations to make to get their new everyday life together organized. Some photographers will rush the bride and groom via this approach and that seriously is not the best way to make sure the bride gets a marriage ceremony album she is going to really like. The DVD photographer does not require the invest in of a marriage ceremony album. If the bride desires to purchase one particular from her DVD photographer, she may possibly do so at her usefulness, on her schedule when she is ready. She might buy an album if she chooses from any one of the dozens of online album companies. It is her selection to do what she believes is finest.

6. Relying on the wedding contract, with the DVD marriage ceremony photographer, the bride does not have to spend for an album which she may possibly get rid of if she has to cancel her authentic wedding ceremony date. The only nonrefundable payment to the DVD marriage ceremony photographer is the booking retainer for the date. Any and all other dollars compensated on the contract to a DVD photographer is refundable in the function the wedding date is canceled or rescheduled.

There are other differences inherent among DVD wedding photographers and album bundle wedding photographers but these variances differ in how the two sorts of photographers opt for to handle those troubles in both their policies and contracts. That is further than the scope of this guide for me to address.

The reluctance of so several album deal photographers today to acknowledge the DVD photographer business design reminds me of the identical reluctance to swap to digital photography from film. So a lot of album package photographers were film photographers originally. It took a lot of of them several years in advance of doing the swap to the digital camera. Now that most of them have switched to digital photography, they nevertheless have this age-prolonged business mentality of putting their earnings mainly on the photographic prints and albums they provide. In this circumstance, they want to hold the "digital negatives" and full copyright ownership and cost an arm and a leg for pictures and albums. But this old pricing philosophy does not just take into account the inherent variances between digital photography and movie photography as the positive aspects of each relates to the shopper and even to the specialist photographer.

There are a ton of causes why album bundle photographers however hold to the previous small business model. I'm not guaranteed but I believe it is primarily due to photograph labs and album corporations which are consistently providing courses and incentives to maintain photographers imagining in terms of placing their profit on pictures and albums. In any other case, there would be a dramatic decrease in business for picture labs and specialist album firms. So photo labs and album businesses have a ton of reasons to maintain photographers considering in terms of inserting massive revenue on prints and albums.

But when it arrives to digital photography, there are a rising range of photographers who come to feel that we can present much better and far more productive services and solutions to our shoppers by way of a various organization method. Rather of pricing photographic prints and albums at significant ample prices to obtain our needed profits, we rather selling price our marriage ceremony photography capabilities and total resolution and custom retouched JPEGs at costs to acquire our necessary income. Unlike movie negatives which ended up useful only for printing pics from, our JPEGs are promptly viewable and pleasurable "as is" right out of our cameras. Since wedding ceremony photography customers might use JPEGs in an extensive assortment of approaches to involve digital journal fashion wedding ceremony albums and quite sophisticated slide reveals set to songs, our "digital negatives" are in truth a much more marketable or desirable photographic item than what images and marriage ceremony albums use to be. With all of today's digital products such as large 50" plus plasma monitors, becoming capable to check out one's marriage ceremony day photos as a sophisticated slide demonstrate set to music IS very frequently more fulfilling to modern brides than flipping by way of pictures in a little book.

When it comes to pricing our picture quality pictures, there are a handful of fundamental ways. Initially, the more substantial the JPEG, the higher the price tag for each JPEG. Secondly, some photographers sell their image quality JPEGs in amount discount rates. The a lot more photo quality JPEGs a bride purchases, the lower the value per JPEG. Also some photographers do not present a full copyright release and they surely will not transfer copyright ownership less than any situations. But some do and at a hefty earnings and then only after a particular minimum amount range of JPEGs have also been ordered. The idea behind this pricing strategy: We as qualified digital photographers are promoting our true work we are advertising what the huge vast majority of electronic media savvy consumers actually want to have - the digital negatives. Ultimately, we are nonetheless getting paid and handsomely for executing this!

Now, IF and when the customer wants to purchase pictures and albums, she may possibly do so whenever immediately after her wedding day. She may well even now purchase pictures and albums from her photographer or from any of the a lot of labs and album businesses on the internet. The alternative is hers.

This guide is not by any indicates meant to persuade album package deal photographers to switch to the DVD wedding ceremony photographer small business product. (I do not want the extra opposition). I've merely hoped to clarify why a lot of of us have adopted this method. I know this strategy to running a digital marriage ceremony photography organization is NOT for everyone. Specifically those photographers who sense they could lose cash on the added sales of images and albums if they give up entire resolution pictures and copyright. That is an extremely superior position in principle. And from time to time it is a practical reality. I've operated my business equally approaches about the decades. For me, I personally sense the benefits to my consumers and for my status far outweighs the reduction of some added cash flow. As a substitute, I want to make far more money serving a lot more clients than trying to get more substantial sells from a solitary customer.

In summary, there are a lot of gains to both equally the digital photographer and to the bride when the photographer basically gives the complete resolution and copyright launched marriage ceremony images on DVDs to the bride.

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Zhongshan Guzhen International Lighting decade gathering of all building - town, lights - Lighting I - Business

Although Financial Aftermath of the crisis has not dissipated, lighting industry, the pace of recovery has only just taken, but in 2009 the Eighth China? Guzhen International Lighting Fair is standing tide themselves up, ushered in an unprecedented grand occasion. 10 18 To 23, a 6-day lamp in Guzhen Lighting Plaza Fair. China Light Industry Federation of steps being made, the Guangdong CPPCC Vice Chairman Tang Bingquan, Zhongshan City Party Secretary and Mayor Chen Genkai red Nicholls, Guzhen Town party secretary and mayor Wurun Fu Suen Ming, China Illumination Electric Association Chen Yansheng and other leaders attended the first day of the opening ceremony held in the morning, more than 3,000 public ceremony. The annual fair, the new town will receive the honor and support the opening ceremony of this year, the Guangdong Provincial Copyright Bureau, Guzhen Town awarded the "Guangdong Provincial Copyright Industrial Demonstration Base" tablet. Show scale new heights Show itself is the most talked about at home and abroad. Although the financial crisis has not receded, the 8th Light Expo scheduled to hit the booth number is greatest in the history, exhibitors, visit procurement of enthusiastic buyers. According to statistics, this year's total of 600 exhibitors, set up booth 2156 (in equivalent standard booth units). Among them, the city accounted for 76.2% of participating enterprises, the town accounted for 59.7% and 16.5% outside the town; 16.7% outside the city in the province, accounting for 6.3% of the territory outside the province. This year, the show's official website pre-registered visitors, whether domestic or overseas, up 7.7% from a year earlier. According to statistics, the number of the first day of admission to 18,429 people, 3.76% more than last year, the domestic foreign customers have increased significantly. Order to enrich the exhibition content, exhibition for the first time set up special equipment exhibition, from in side and outside the province, more than a dozen exhibitors production equipment, lighting appliances and accessories on display a variety of production equipment. Guzhen town government also plans to start in April next year, held from town lighting accessories and equipment exhibition, to promote the exchange and upstream and downstream Cooperation Further improve the Town lighting industry chain. Many lighting companies for the current transformation of the direction of withdrawal from the international market, the domestic market, this light breeze Fair Organizing Committee to adjust ideas to attract more domestic market-oriented exhibitors and attracted a number of domestic exports turned market companies. Dongguan Taiwan Business Association organized the more than 10 crisis-affected large export-based Taiwanese enterprises in Dongguan town settled in the Marketing Platform. Meanwhile, some cutting-edge enterprise generous exhibitors, such as Hyundai, the U.S. butterfl y? U.S. homes, etc., shows the lighting industry, the financial crisis is still alive. During the exhibition, also organized a series of high-quality forum for lectures and other activities, including co-designer of the second Italian Forum Lighting Together with the furniture industry summit forum, standards and certification for Science lectures, exhibitors fine selection, professional forums and other activities to upgrade the market functions.

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Copyright for Artists - Art - Visual Art

The Internet makes the unauthorised use of images very easy. All Artists using the web as a marketing tool need to be aware of the copyright laws, and know how to best ensure that their images are protected from illicit use.

What can be copyright protected?

Copyright protection applies to literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, plus a few other creative activities.

Artistic works include paintings, drawings, engravings, photographs, sculptures, collages, technical drawings, diagrams, maps and logos, etc.

In order to attract copyright protection, artwork must be "original". This means it must be the result of independent creative effort.

A copy of something that already exists cannot be original, but if an artwork is similar to something that already exists, but which has not been copied, then it may be original (*).

Copyright does not protect ideas for an artwork: it is only the work itself that is protected.

If you have created an "original work", you will have copyright protection without having to do anything to establish this. In the United Kingdom (and most other parts of the world), there is no official registration system for copyright.

For artistic works, in the UK, the term of protection of copyright is - for the life of the creator, plus 70 years from the end of the year in which they die.

What is the benefit of copyright protection?

Copyright protected work must not be reproduce in another medium without the owners permission. This includes activities such as photocopying images, using images for cross-stitch patterns, painting from a photograph, publishing images on the Internet, and so on.

Copyright should stop others from using your work without your permission. The existence of copyright may be enough to prevent others from to using your material, but it also gives you the right to take legal action to stop misuse, and to claim damages.

Copyright owners generally have the right to authorise or prohibit the use of their work, and so realise the opportunity to make commercial gain from the use of their work. You could, for example, sell or license your copyrighted images for use by others.

(*) For the artist, copyright is a double-edged sword. Painters in particular should avoid breaching copyright when working from photographs. In the case of landscapes, it would be difficult to prove breach of copyright, since many scenic locations are generally accessible to the public. But with celebrity portraits, the artist should proceed with caution; it would be impossible for most artists to have a celebrity sit for them, and therefore it is easier for a copyright holder to prove that their photograph has been copied.

Using copyright protection

There are a number of steps Artists should take to help protect their work, especially if it is published on the Internet. It is advisable to mark all work with the symbol. This lets others know they should not use the artists work without permission. The symbol should have the name of the copyright owner next to it. This helps anyone wishing to use the artwork to trace the copyright holder. If you also put the year in which the work was created next to the symbol, this will let others know when the term of protection started.

If your artwork is published on the Internet, there are a number of safeguards you should consider. These will be the subject of further articles.

Portraits by John Burton

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Copyrights and Patents - Law - International Law

Understanding the differences between patents, trademarks, and copyrights is essential for any creative entrepreneur. A thorough grounding in the concepts and definitions of these basic protections for intellectual property will provide you with a solid basis for protecting your inventions, creative works, and corporate reputation. Enlisting the help of a business attorney is an important step in ensuring your intellectual property is secure, but it's equally important to inform yourself about the various methods by which individuals and companies can safeguard their creative efforts and protect their financial interests.

Patents

Within the United States, patents are granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for inventions. A patent offers the holder exclusive rights to an original process, machine, or invention or to any significant improvement to an existing patented process. Patents may be awarded for biological inventions or discoveries, for software processes or programs, for new chemical processes or compounds, and for business processes that are markedly original or unique. Patents do not confer the right to manufacture the invention, but rather prevent others from manufacturing it for a set period of time, usually twenty years. In some cases, a patent holder may not be legally entitled to manufacture the device; this usually occurs in cases where the patent is granted for a significant improvement to an existing patented device. Without obtaining permission from the patent holder for the existing device, the holder of the new patent cannot manufacture the improvement. Such patents are generally either sold or retained until the original patent expires. Patent infringement is a civil matter and is generally pursued through civil lawsuits in the courts.

Trademarks

Trademarks are the easily recognizable symbols and signs of a particular individual, business concern or organization. Trademarks are divided into three categories: unregistered trade marks, unregistered service marks, and registered trademarks. Typically, unregistered trade and service marks are only valid in a limited geographical area; registered trademarks are protected throughout the country in which the trademark was granted. Trademarks are used to identify the makers of products and the providers of services in the consumer market; as such, they are valuable commodities and should be protected against infringement or imitation. Registered trademarks must be obtained through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and offer significantly more legal protection to their holders than other types of trade and service marks.

Copyright

One of the most inclusive and versatile types of intellectual property protections, copyright confers exclusive rights to authors of creative works, including plays, works of fiction, maps, musical compositions, works of art, photographs, motion pictures, dance choreography, architectural blueprints, and software. Unlike patents, copyright does not protect the ideas or concepts within the work, but only the way in which those ideas are expressed. For instance, copyright protections apply to the "look and feel" of certain works of art and software programs, protecting their stylistic elements without protecting the subject matter with which they deal.

Copyright is obtained automatically upon setting the material down in a fixed form such as print, canvas, or digital media. While copyright is the easiest form of intellectual property protection to obtain, it can be the hardest to defend. It is usually advisable to seek legal counsel if you believe your copyright has been infringed in order to protect your creative rights.

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Defining Copyright - Law - Civil Law

Copyright can seem complicated and yet is so important to understand so that one doesn't infringe on another's rights.

By definition, copyright is the set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work. These rights can be licensed, transferred and/or assigned. Copyright lasts for a certain time period after which the work is said to enter the public domain. Copyright applies to a wide range of works that are substantive and fixed in a medium. Some jurisdictions also recognize "moral rights" of the creator of a work, such as the right to be credited for the work.

Copyright is literally, the right to copy, though in legal terms "the right to control copying" is more accurate. The term copyright means one has exclusive statutory rights to exercise control over copying and other exploitation of the works for a specific period of time. The copyright owner is given two sets of rights: an exclusive, positive right to copy and exploit the copyrighted work, or license others to do so, and a negative right to prevent anyone else from doing so without consent, with the possibility of legal remedies if they do.

When one wanted a copyright, it initially meant they were granted the exclusive right to copy a book or made allowances for anybody to use the book for various purposes such as making a translation, adaptation or public performance. At the time print on paper was the only format in which most text based copyrighted works were distributed.

The type of works, which were subject to copyright, expanded over time. Initially copyright only covered books. Then copyright law was revised in the 19th century to include maps, charts, engravings, prints, musical compositions, dramatic works, photographs, paintings, drawings and sculptures. Developments in technology again added to these and now include motion pictures, computer programs, sound recordings, Choreography and architectural works.

The purpose of copyright primarily has its basis in commerce but it is also for the sake of controlling one's creations. Under the Berne copyright convention, which almost all major nations have signed, every creative work is copyrighted the moment it is fixed in tangible form. No notice is necessary, though it helps legal cases. No registration is necessary, though it's needed later to sue. The copyright lasts until 70 years after the author dies. Facts and ideas can't be copyrighted, only expressions of creative effort.

Copyright law is different from country to country, and a copyright notice is required in about 20 countries for a work to be protected under copyright. Before 1989 all published works in the US had to contain a copyright notice, the (c) symbol followed by the publication date and copyright owner's name, to be protected by copyright. This is no longer the case and use of a copyright notice is now optional in the US, though they are still used.

Having a copyright on your work is not a complicated process, just one that requires a little research and knowledge.

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Intellectual Property Rights: Copyrighting African Indigenous Literature - Law - Intellectual Property

Intellectual Property is an intangible asset. It is a creation of human mind. It can have commercial as well as artistic. The songs of Beatles are famous all over the world. The Beatles has exclusive rights over the lyrics or the composition of each son that they have created. As result people selling or tampering with their lyrics may be persecuted by law of the land where the crime has been committed. This is because their CDs and albums are sold around the globe. Different nations have their own domestic Intellectual Property Rights.

It is believed that the law related to intellectual property has evolved from early jewish law. In USA the concept first received focus in a landmark case Devoll et al. versus Brown before the Massachusetts Circuit Court (1845).

United Nations controls the international scenario related to Intellectual Property Rights. She does this with the help of World Intellectual Property Organization (founded in 1967) with its base in Geneva, Netherlands.

There are several types of items that fall under the domain of Intellectual Property:- Copyrights- This item is basically rights over artistic or literary work. For example an author can copyright the distribution, copying, editing of his book by virtue of this over a period of time from the time of creation. Incase of anonymous people copyright spans over a much shorter period of time. Trademarks- It is nothing but a symbol by which a company is recognized. For example the blue and white circular symbol of BMW, reflecting its Bavarian origin. Patents- This is related to discoveries. Industrial design rights- This is to protect different models from being copied or replicated by rival companies. Trade secrets- Say for instance wall mart wants to protect the method they use in conducting their retail business around the globe.

Africa, the dark continent, has many natural resources and local art and culture which need to be preserved. As a result several African nations have come forward under the umbrella of a pan African intellectual property right protection body known as African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (A.R.I.P.O).

Member nations include- Liberia, Namibia, Somalia, Zimbabwe, etc. There are 13 African nations working as observers. Liberia is unique among African nations in this respect. This is because Liberia is the only nation that has not been colonized by any European power. Instead the Afro-American slaves after abolition of slavery in USA have settled this nation.

It is counted among one of the poorest nations of the world. As per statistics, 85% of population earns about @$1.25 per day. Socio-religious customs have its root back in American south. The legislative, executive and the judicial wing closely replicated US structure.

It is known for its cultural skills as well as for its arts and craftsmanship like quilting, ornamental masks, wooden carvings, drums, etc. As a result protecting the techniques and design styles for unscrupulous giant corporations may be the call of the day. Edward Wilmot Blyden, Marcus Gravy, etc. are among the most renowned Liberian authors.

In case a Liberian wants to protect his/her talent or a particular item that comes under Intellectual Property should contact a Liberia Copyright Lawyer.

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Difference between Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights - Law - Patents

There are various types of intellectual property law. Patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets are the most important types. Some products can be secured by a number of intellectual property types. This is a small guide to aid you to know the distinctness concerning these main styles.

A patent is an award by a government to an inventor, awarding the right to disallow others for a prescribed phase from making, utilizing or selling the invention all throughout a country. It is a certificate in which the invention is inclusively explained and the scope of the invention described.

Utility patents are awarded for invention of new and effective processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of substance or whichever new and effective change for the better thereof. U.S. Patents use to endure for a duration of 17 years from the dates they are awarded, but now U.S. Patent applications have a duration of 20 years from recording. Each country has its own patent law.

Design patents comprise the external embellishment of a product and accommodate a weaker protection than utility patents, but are considerabley less exorbitant to attain. They are put to use, for instance, to encompass ornamental designs of jewelry, furniture, beverage containers and computer icons.

A trademark is any word, name, symbol, or device embraced and put to use by a manufacturer or promoter to identify the derivation of the goods or services and tell the difference between them from those provided by others. A service mark is a sort of trademark that commits to services.

The paramount behaviour of a trademark is to display origin. Withstanding, trademarks moreover work to warrant the quality of the goods or services, and through advertising, work to formulate and preserve demand. Rights in a trademark are granted by usage or by applying for a federal trademark registration prior to use. Use of the trademark is obligated to ultimately occur, and is obligated to last if the rights so granted are to be preserved. Each country has its own trademark law.

Copyright is a sort of protection accommodated by the laws of a country to authors of novel works of authorship together with literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and alternative works. Protection is obtainable to both published and unpublished works.

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Copyright make music is to raise the film to ensure creation of soft power - Zomba, the U.S. drama, - Business

Copyright Make Chinese Film and TV music is to enhance the soft power to ensure The face of international Financial The tide of the crisis which engulfed, my friends were all talking about China's cultural and entertainment industry is fast growing at an alarming rate, especially in China, the government vigorously promoted the development of cultural entertainment and creative industries, more and more thoughtful, excellent quality video works best bred out of which raise the topic of entertainment and cultural industry development discussions, are also increasingly pervasive. One outstanding film and television works Spoke excellent film work, first with the standard is judged good or bad. I think that's good TV work, take the Hollywood film, won the British Indian film "Slumdog Millionaire," for instance: First, it is indispensable to have a compelling story ideas, film tells the story from Mumbai Jamal slum youth to participate in a stall India's version of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" TV Live broadcasts, he answered every question, can lead to some memories of his past and ultimately with rich life experience and Jamal brave do not give up efforts, he finally won back his own wealth to find love. Story written climax, a chain of people the heart; Secondly, the film reflected a deep concern to humanity, such as "poor" in the cause of conflict for religious reflection, and on the sinister orphanages, hypocritical face of murderous gang-land real exposed, each video must have a theme, like " Film "Magazine editor in chief Zhao Baohua president said: The" human spirit to conquer the heart of art "; again, is to have a group of professional makers: from director to actor, then editing, make-up, Clothing , Props, etc., excellent performance, just right for planning and design; of course the whole film most beautiful embellishment, to be film and television works in the music. Soundtrack make music, just as symbolic as the exclusive expressi on of the each video in its unique artistic charm of its commercial and artistic exchange built a bridge. Recall that "poor" Indian films are full of local wind melodies, mysterious delicate and full of changes, sometimes exciting, sometimes soothing sentimental, with the film's rhythms are appropriate, credits into the enchanting scene of Indian dance, more Nightlife sudden and devastating to the entire film. Hear the music, you will immediately think of why one exciting film clips. Haha, this wonderful film, not much thought, I can guess, who well versed in Indian culture of the British people only get the attention of Oscar-winning, they will certainly earn a bowl full of pots full of it Second, make music copyright Copyright background music can create as making music ProductionMusic or background music BackgroundMusic, is Broadcasting , Video, multimedia, corporate publicity, and communications equipment and other essential audio material, is the background environment of public places, playing an important element. Copyright background music is produced professional audio editor to create the source. Making music is based on different uses, types, emotional, form, time, etc. writing and recording music. Copyright background music is copyright protected production. Music copyright rights holder or music while the music companies music copyright authorization issued. Only be authorized by the copyright owner's legitimate use. Different from the record company's music in the store Sell Copyright background music is not making music stores have to contact the copyright rights holder or the music company for copyright permission. Third, China's film and television writing and producing music copyright win-win combination of trend Abroad, film and television production work is the application of copyright music is already very common, such as: Universal Pictures, she produced videos, many of which are produced by Universal Music's library of co pyright material. Combination of the two benefits: one is convenient and practical, making copyright music libraries of music that a wide range of styles, the large number of open and independent choice to meet different target groups for various purposes required; the other is low-cost, and copyright make music relative, individual process is relatively complex piece of music, from composers to find intent to communicate, from music to find the band playing the recording, not only takes longer, and involve the human, material and money are relatively high; The copyright has been making music according to various styles, types, uses, types of musical instruments, and long division when the advance made into finished products, not only easily meets the needs of the producers, but also reduce the investment side of human, material and financial aspects of waste ; the three is the quality assurance, production of music is different from the commercial distribution of copyright popular music, it is by professional composers, performers create a musical recording, which not only ensures superior music quality, but also full of music and independent recording authority. Music sound of the appeal can not be ignored, imagine we see a TV show, if the sound off, back to the silent era, even the reincarnation of Charlie Chaplin, will look vivid color that is missing the point. This is like we like to eat spicy tofu, but only with Chen Mapo Tofu, a Sichuan pepper production, with the tender pieces of lamb, is less blindly Ma, then the person will eat eat, not how authentic flavor the food was also somewhat less Recommenting. If a good film and television work is set Mapo tofu, making music is the dish so the copyright in the Ma, and we want to do that is the authentic taste of hemp, ha ha! In fact, the film music creation and production of a combination of copyright, on both a win-win situation for both the professional production of music for the film cop yright works to bring the enjoyment of high quality, but video works great development promoted the development of copyright music production, only the interests of creators are respected and protected in order to have more good works to society. Four examples of foreign Make music in the film copyright works in widely used. To the application of Universal Music, for example, the following quote several popular American television show, making music copyright works, had a good performance in the film and television work features: Ugly Betty "Ugly Betty," Introduction: the highest rated U.S. television show, Hunan TV Drama "Invincible Ugly" is modeled after the film. The story of a Ugly Betty 'crows become the Phoenix' story. Music: Easy, humor, fashion Get Smart "confused Detective" <

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Protect Yourself Online - Get The Facts About Copyrighted Work - Business - Affiliate Programs

Copyright law is by no means "simple". There are lawyers, specifically just for copyright law. I am going to try and save you some time and give you some basic information to help you decide.

Copyright is a set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work.

Copyright laws have changed a bit since the late 1970's. Basically, the moment you create your work, it is legally copyrighted. You do not have to "register" a copyright in order for it to be valid; however, a registered copyright will protect you more in the event of copyright infringement. If, this nasty little thing happens to you, and you proceed with a suit, you will be entitled to "statutory" damages. Meaning, you do not have to prove a loss of sales/profit, the damages received are set by statute. If your copyright is not registered, you will still legally be able to proceed with a suit; however, you are only entitled to "actual" damages. In other words, you will have to prove your loss in profit and how much. You will also have to pay your attorney fees. Very scary thought.

-HOW TO OBTAIN A REGISTERED COPYRIGHT

If you decide to register your copyright, you will need to submit an application along with a $45 fee to the copyright office in your Country. Your copyright is legally registered the day it's received at the copyright office; however, you may not receive your copyright certificate for up to four months. You can also apply online. The U.S. Government Copyright Official website is

-HOW TO OBTAIN AN UNREGISTERED COPYRIGHT

If you decide not to register your copyright, you can still add it to your work, hopefully to deter anyone from getting any big idea's. You can simply type:

"Copyright (year) by (author/owner)"

If you're working in Microsoft Word, you can get the symbol by holding down Ctrl, Alt, and C. If you're using something other than word, you do not have to have the symbol, it just looks more official. The word copyright will be sufficient. Also, the top right hand corner is usually where the copyright goes; however, I think as long as you have it on your work, it should serve you well.

One more thing. Many people make the mistake of believing that they can copyright a name, or a phrase. You can't. That would fall under trademark protection, which is a different article entirely.

Copyright2011 by TaSha Franklin

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Copyright your Logo design - Business - Customer Service

Have you got your own custom logo design for your company? If yes, it is the most important thing for a company to represent itself in the market. There are lots of businesses with the same area of work and there is chance of your logo being copied. So its better to get the copyright for your logo so that no other company can copy your logo in future. It is very important for any company to protect their brand identity.People often tend to confuse between copyright and trade mark as there are lots of difference between them. Getting your logo design copy righted will protect your logo whereas getting the trade mark for your logo design can defend your logo. It can also defend the company identity along with its slogan that you use in market place. According to the law there are ways on which only certain type of logos can be copyrighted. The logo should not include any of the symbols that are used on common platform. Some of the symbols like arrow marks, symbol of peace or the Latin cross can be found on common platform. The logo which has certain font property cannot be copyrighted. For example any text with the font style of Times new roman or with the font color red cannot be copyrighted. The logo designs which you submit for copyright should not be present in any of the clip arts and should always have be designed with a certain level of innovativeness or creativeness. The company should always take the responsibility of protecting the copyright of their logo design. One has to always register the company logo soon it is done. The registration of logo can also be made before the registration of the company itself. The certifications used for the copyright of logos have to back up and maintained carefully. By doing so one can protect their logo and can claim if one tries to copy.

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Global Warming - Future Floods - Education

Copyright (c) 2008 Mervyn ReesThe mean temperature of the earth has amplified by regarding 0.6 degrees centigrade over the last 100 existence. You can obtain further details here Because of the touch of global warming, scientists assess that the temperature will stay to improve by regarding 0.3 degrees centigrade per decade - that's 3 degrees over a 100 year phase.Some areas are estimated to tender up greatly sooner than others, and some areas are actually estimated to cool down, but the touch of this, they say, will be floods seemly more great and stirring more frequently.The incentive why we're told we can suppose more numerous and more devastating floods is because:a) As the sea heats up the water will enlarge important to a climb in the sea intensity.b) The ice caps will melt important to more water in the sea.Will this certainly ensue? Prediction can never tell us something using 100% certainty, but in this project there's a very sound possibility that floods will be come both more numerous and more devastating as current measures have revealed.The symbols are that there is mutation, radical in chairs, new harden patterns moving us all too some scale anywhere we are."Better go and find our Water Wings " (hoax)!Human ExtinctionCould humans be pitiful towards the end of their time on earth?As per Professor Michael Boulter, a UK Palaeontologist from the University of East London, large mammals-#8212including humansare screening symbols of imminent extinction.So far, large mammals have become dead at a greatly sooner appraise than one would have predicted if humans hadn't made their smudge on the world by burning fossil fuels.His guess is that life on Earth desires to be culled from time to time, using the last collect being the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million existence ago, and by messing using the environment, we've sped up the move towards the following big collect.The being hurry, he says, will die out "soon". Don't panic just yet however, in geological provisos, "soon" can mean millions of existence.Is this reality or Fiction? Who will be around to give us the answer, and necessary we certainly anxiety?Life AdaptsGreenhouse gas emissions are estimated to improve the temperature in the world by between 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit to 10 degrees Fahrenheit. That sounds like a lot... but it happens over the following 100 existence!Over the gone century humans have adapted to a diversity of changes in our environment, and if you were to take some shot of the century homesteaders and stick them down in a car in the medium of New York, they wouldn't last more than two record! But gradual changes in our environment are greatly easier to adapt to. We easily suppose clothes to ensue closer than our forefathers did. While a 2.5 to 10 scale climb in the following year might be hard to take, increase over time we will barely sight the mutation. Ever see the film Jurassic park? It may have been a fictional film, but i t wasn't rational in one concept: Life will find a way to outlast in nastiness of the environment.

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Common errors while writing SEO articles - Website Promotion - Online Promotion

When writing an article for SEO purpose there are certain rules and regulation that has to be followed for the articles to get posted in the articles directories. Since when you are submitting your article to the article directories it is very easy for the board of directors to overlook the common formatting errors in the article which results in your article being declined or published in an unprofessional way. With some few careful checks and precautions it is possible for you to avoid your article from being rejected. The below mentioned things will help you to avoid those common formatting errors and also help you to publish your article in a professional way. This is the most typical problem caused by the Microsoft word. Often when you start typing your document the paragraph formatting will be set to normal. This is slightly misleading concept since in general the paragraph is nothing but a normal one. If your press enter to create a line break the word itself will a d an extra half line space which makes your document look neat and beautifully spaced but this is misleading. You can see how deceptive it is when you copy the same paragraph and paste it into a notepad. When you to do this you will see that all the line breaks will disappear and only one big paragraph will exit. To avoid this you have to set your paragraph settings to "No spacing" from the beginning and have to press "Enter" twice to get a full line break. It is a common rule that you should have a single space after a full stop, comma, colon, semicolon, and for all the punctuations you use. But make sure that you do not leave a space before them. Like wise open brackets should also have the single space before and closing brackets should have a single space after. Using symbols is would be primarily problem when you to include copyright or registered trademark symbol. The same problem will also occur when you fractions, super numerals, square root or some number rose to th e power of the other. The best option to overcome this problem is to avoid using special symbols in SEO articles. Instead of using the symbols the same can be written in the long way. Most of the word processing documents automatically wrap the text automatically to a new line when it reaches the end of the document. In some applications like HTML editor and notepad this feature might be turned off. Generally it will not be a problem but in writers point of view it will create some problem. This is because when a new person is reading your SEO article they might have hard times reading it. So at the same time make sure that you press on enter key to create a new paragraph unless it is a bullet list you are creating never start to type in the next line. Though there are many pitfalls waiting to catch the reckless writer of SEO writing these are some of the most common ones that one has to watch and take care. And before submitting your article for publication proof reading is very carefully. In doing that you will be able to find some of the common punctuation errors that might do harm to your article.

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Graphic Design - Training Courses and Degrees Online - Education - Online Education

The use of graphic design can be seen in movies, websites, advertisements, animations, and more. Students with a flare for creativity and drawing can complete an online program in and enter a technology driven industry. Training courses cover many visual and technical components that are offered in numerous educational programs.

The field covers many areas relevant to the creation of graphics used for the design of multimedia components. Due to the many career options that can be entered students often pursue a general degree to gain a solid understanding of the entire field. This path is often referred to as graphic design or visual communications. Students that want to work with digital design and animation can pursue a degree. Online education incorporates key elements needed to successfully design graphics. Students work through many courses that are integrated into different learning opportunities.

Courses that students take online could include some of the following:

*Intro to Graphic Design

The industry is explored so students understand the specialized areas of design. Students learn by understanding what digital design and animation is and how they apply to the industry.

*Typography

Students examine typographic design by learning the evolution of the alphabet and letterform design. The type families and how to incorporate them into a design will be examined. Other online course topics cover how to apply graphic design elements into typographic elements.

*Layout Design

The essentials of layout design are covered and students learn to use the industry's computer software. This includes working with JavaScript, InDesign, Photoshop, and HTML coding.

Students pursuing online education have a variety of options to choose from. Enrolling in an accredited online program can be completed at the undergraduate and graduate degree level. Courses like these can be taken at any level; some schools utilize basic concepts and others include advanced techniques.

Certificate programs in graphic design are short and concentrated and typically only provide students with education that pertains to this field. Entry-level and assistant designer positions can be entered after students complete schooling based on color theory, image manipulation, and graphic symbolism. An associate degree program covers foundational areas in desktop publishing, 3-D design, drawing, photography, and more to prepare students to become lower level graphic designers. A bachelor's degree is the most completed program because if gives students high career marketability upon completion of a program. In a general program student's learn how to convey messages online, in film, and in print media. Graduate degree programs online are offered at the master's degree level. Education centers on advanced concepts in illustration, drawing, business management, and ad design. Students that earn a master's degree are able to attain top-level positions inside their career.

The curriculum covered within an accredited online graphic design program prepares students for the work environment. Fully accredited programs can give students the quality education they deserve. Accreditation is provided by agencies like the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD). Students can enter a career by studying the industry's procedures and technological aspects by completing a distance learning program.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERIC OUTLINE and may or may not depict precise methods, courses and/or focuses related to ANY ONE specific school(s) that may or may not be advertised at PETAP.org.

Copyright 2010 - All rights reserved by PETAP.org.

Notice to Publishers: You may use this article on Ezine or on your Website; however, ALL links must remain intact and active. Failure to retain links is expressly prohibited and violators will be prosecuted extensively by law.

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Customized web development services for successful business growth - Web Development

The programming language and the HTML coding used for designing a website are key ingredients of any customized website. The website should be accessible to all the prospective buyers and for this should be compatible with the software used by the server and concerned databases. Incompatibility in this matter could lead to difficulty at downloading of the website. A professional website designer is adept at using the programming languages and the HTML codes to create an attractive website that is easy to download and easy to navigate through.

Gone are the days when a website was merely a status symbol. The taut competition among businesses and their websites have made the website a very important part of any business. Nowadays a website is not only a bridge between the buyer and the seller but also a road that can draw the traffic of clicks by prospective buyers.

If all the elements, like combination of right key words and links are taken into consideration, by a search engine the website is sure to feature top on the first page of the search engines. A custom web design is dependent on these elements for search engine optimization strategies. Featuring on the top of list is the slot for which the websites vie with each other because this invites the largest number of clicks of a buyer who is searching for what he/she needs through any website. A professional web designer takes care that the website is not stuffed with the key words and limits its density. If the website is found to be stuffed with key words, there is a possibility of the website being penalized or even being banned by the search engine.

What after clicks? Once the buyer has clicked the website URL and on the first page, it is the speed of downloading, layout, web design, images, animations, easy navigation, product description and finally secured financial transaction that can convert a prospective buyer into a buyer. The lighter the website faster is the download. The layout should be simple and not confusing for the visitor. The visitor should be able to easily navigate through the website and also be able to reach the final product description page within 3 clicks. The deeper is the product description page, lesser becomes the enthusiasm in buying the product. The product description needs to be in detail along with its pricing. Most of the times the data pertaining to transfer of money needs to be confidential and if this information goes in wrong hands it is possible the buyer may be robbed of all the money in that bank account. There is a chance of the credit card or the debit card being misused. Th e buyer needs to be assured about the confidentiality of the username and password. Getting a professional to get a custom web design and development assures high return on investment. In these times of competition where every single buyer is crucial for the success of business, a customized web development services becomes inevitable.

Copyright 2010

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Blu-ray DVD to iPhone Ripper - Business - Networking

The Soft4file studio's argue that the RealDVD DVD Ripper on your computer software violates the federal Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which states that it is a breach of law to create any technology that enables the copying of copyrighted digital material unless the creator or such technology has first discussed their product with, and gained the permission of the copyright holders.

Soft4File Blu-ray DVD to iPhone Ripper is a powerful Blu-ray and DVD ripper that allows you to rip and convert your favorite Blu-ray discs and DVD movies to iPhone video MP4 and audio MP3, M4A, and WAV formats. In other words, with this Blu-ray DVD to iPhone ripper, you can not only convert Blu-ray discs and DVD movies to iPhone, iPod MPEG-4, but also to audio files like music and dialogues, thus making perfect conversion of your Blu-ray discs and DVD movies to iPhone.

For fans of open-source freedom, the application is especially important because it's the only simple desktop application we know of that encodes the latest, high quality Ogg Theora videos.And here's a closer look at our beautiful Soft4fileVideo Converter logo, by our designer Morgan Knutson. As you can see, he did a great job building on the style of the Soft4file logo that Jon Hicks made with us a few years ago.

Soft4file is about the best freeBlu-ray DVD to iPhone software there is. It runs on Linux, Windows and Mac. It will just about rip anything you throw at it and even encode it. While I personally don't find the interface that impressive what it lacks in visually it makes up for with functionality. You can tweak just about every possible setting you could ever wish to tweak to get that picture perfect quality. You can choose many pre-defined formats or create your own. You can even queue up encodes so you can get a good nights sleep in while it does its thing.

Downloading and installing Soft4file Video Converter is a painless process, and the app takes up a modest amount of space (30MB) on your hard drive. As noted, the main window is very straightforward. Lining the top are media buttons for video, audio, DVD, and photo, each with a plus symbol adjacent to indicate that's how one can add the various file types.Click here to buy it:/softsell/nph-softsell.cgi?item=29508-10. Once files are added, another set of soft keys along the bottom of the window lets you easily select the format you want to convert to.

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Markup Languages Used In Creating New Web Designs in Los Angeles - Web Design

In Los Angeles most of the web designers are now using mark up languages to create new website and web pages. The markup language facilitates the web designer with scrip creation and also allows them to add content to the existing website. The use of this language gives a new unique feeling to the website. Most of the businesses in Los Angeles have realized the importance of dynamic websites. They have also realized that upgrading the website is necessary for not only sharing latest information but also to be ranked higher in the search engine list. These factors increase the utility of the markup languages.Let us understand what does markup language mean? The database of notes that are going to be the text content of the website is called markup language. The mark up languages describes how the texts can have a structure, lay out and formatting.

In the process of web design, the language is used in word-processing document and computer typesetting.In fact, the languages have been into application since nearly half a century. The earliest use of the mark up languages is seen in the publishing of the manuscripts. Symbolic presentation of the instructions given by the printer was the main part of this mark up languages. The symbols were encrypted in the margin of the paper having the content. The professional typographers who were expert at the mark up languages were normally referred to as markup men. The mark up language used in these times usually referred to the style of writing, size of the text, and the typeface. This was mainly used by the proofreaders, editors and graphic designers who used to work for the advertising industry.The times have changed and the internet media is being preferred to the print media especially for communicating with the prospective buyers. Now the mark up languages is being used for decorating the websites and making the web pages appealing.HTML, the acronym of Hyper Text Markup Language, is one of the most commonly used markup languages for not only designing the website but also for adding web pages and making the website appealing. In HTML one can see the utility of some markup conventions. These conventions were earlier used in the print and publishing industry especially for communication between the printers, editors and authors.The languages are needed to upgrade the website and adding the pages. These exercises are considered positive for indexing the search engine list. This is why the languages are also important from the angle of search engine optimization. When selecting a web designer in Los Angeles one should check whether the professional expert web design company is aware of the latest development in the mark up languages used to design and develop the websites and web pages.Copyright 2010

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replica watches, a smart choice - Hobbies - Collecting

Questions: Do you wanna get a second car or buy a Breguet watches? For most people,it is obveious to have a second car. Well, we've all heard of these high-end luxury brand watches like: Cartier, Piaget, Patek Philippe etc. And they cost many hundreds, even thousands of dollars that they are simply out of most peoples'reach. Let's face it, luxury watches are designed only for the rich to provide them with a "status symbol" that they yearn for. The luxury will help feed their, in most cases, large egos.On the other hand, most of us have individual's vanity and if you are the type that want your pictures expressed by this kind of an image of affluence, there may be an issue known as Replica wrist watches which you could desire to bring a closer look at.Replica wrist watches supply not just an chance to activity remarkable imitations of diverse luxurious wrist watches like: Cartier, Piaget and Technomarine for any fraction for this price.Secondly, the downside of replica wris t watches is the truth that in an individual way it could likely be thought to be a type of stealing. Like ordering bootleg copies of CDs or DVD's or illegally downloading songs in the internet. You are getting to have to make that phone but replica wrist watches do "borrow" the copyrighted models for this luxurious watches.Plus, the entire intent of luxurious makes just isn't to cater to just anyone. They may be produced and constructed while using utmost good quality with complete know-how that as a result, their price could be prohibitive for most people.However, if you are alright while using entire copyright issue as well as your coronary heart is set on ordering a replica watch; then, as the outdated stating goes, "buyers beware". Just mainly because it is very somewhat dirt affordable does not suggest its bargain. You still need to make caution and wisdom before you buy.The internet is becoming the household of thousands upon a huge number of organizations offering s wiss replica watches which causes it to be instead extremely hard to check anything at all that you choose beforehand. Not that you will have to check a replica wristwatches before you invest in however it undoubtedly does not hurt mainly because even in the replica craftsmanship matters. Hassle-free issues like, does it have changeable electric batteries or can it be basically a toy knockoff for this authentic is tough to discern in the picture.Omega, Cartier and Breguet are all famous replica wrist watches today. Even though inspecting a probable replica you might validate that brand name names are basically spelled correctly. An instance of the regularly happens in knockoff bags, purses or shoes: "Prada" turns into "Prado" or "Chanel" turns into "Channel".

Another issue to keep in mind before getting a replica watch like Breguet is that: have you been or will you be secure enough, in your personal skin, to put on this type of a wristwatch when friends, household or acquaintances understand that its replica? i am not right here to judge mainly because frankly, I partially concur with together sides for this argument but I carry it up only, ?n order that that you are conscious for this actuality that getting a replica view "may not" change out being the position image you hoped it could be. in the other hand, it will probably be just the admission you have been seeking and if that's the case - go for it!

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Copy Images Free For Graphic Design - Web Design - Graphic Design

When developing content for several types of documents; graphic designers and webmasters often search for free images in order to enhance the appearance of the communication. If intellectual property laws are observed when trying to find free images, then this process can be very productive.

Images can enhance any project

When an artist or writer creates a work, often they will select or gather images that pertain to the specific idea in which they are writing.

Gaining the attention of a potential browser is one of the most critical points to selling an idea or production. The visual senses of all people are attracted by beautiful pictures, especially when they pertain to something of interest. If a writer or content publisher can grab the attention of someone passing by they are much more likely to turn them into a customer.

Images which relate to the topic at hand help the reader to visualize the essence of a presentation or article. If considering the use of pictures on a blog or website, images named in relation to the written content, help a website to be found by potential visitors. Engaging website content certainly provides an enhanced experience for the visitor.

Where to find free images

A great way to get high quality and high resolution images for a website or other publication is to use a digital camera to take pictures. However, when the photographs are converted into images or logos it is critical that trademarks and symbols are not apparent in the picture, otherwise intellectual property rights may be of concern.

Another great source and probably one of the best, is Wikimedia commons. This media resource can be used to find images for free, according to creative commons licensing. Image content is categorized into many sections such as topic, location, type, author, license, and source.

Flickr is another source to find images for free, which is literally inexhaustible. Millions of people share images on this social network every day and many are often personal images which have no commercial royalty implications. Flickr has recently implemented a licensing option for images. The license is clearly stated by creative commons in order to avoid any confusion. If there is a question regarding the license of an image, a messaging tool allows users to send messages; and most photographers will allow their images to be used at no cost if credit is given for their work.

One of the most powerful image search tools on the internet is Google images. This search tool allows for licensing criteria to be specified in the search query, so it is important to utilize this feature. Some may perceive that any image which shows in the Google image results can be used for free. However, as stated in the search results many images are subject to copyright. It is not a recommended practice to simply search and grab images from the image search results. An ethical webmaster will always ask first and obtain permission.

Integrating free images to a publication

No one single method can be applied for all types of communications. Publishing images to websites and blogs can require completely different procedures than publishing an image in a magazine or advertising brochure. If these processes are considered prior to beginning a project then time, space and cost can be controlled to a minimum.

Some of these basic processes are demonstrated briefly in the video titled "images for free". Hotlinks, downloads and other methods should be considered. Once the various methods are learned then they will become second nature and the process is much more efficient.

Image hotlinks allow an image to be published into a website, blog or bulletin board post but hosted and stored elsewhere. This can reduce website load times significantly which is something that search engines have begun to factor into rankings. However, although an image hotlink can be generated from just about any website it is not always allowed per the website policy. When an image is hotlinked Copyright infringement and intellectual property laws can come into play. It is important for webmasters to obtain permission prior to generating a hotlink. This is especially true if the website does not provide an automated method to generate the code for a hotlinked image. Some webmasters consider image hotlinks to be bandwidth theft and are not tolerant of image theft. This is because they pay for their website hosting by the bandwidth used each month.

Displaying a free hotlinked image on a blog, website or bulletin board could not be easier. When a hotlinked image is utilized this will offload the bandwidth from the website being displayed. To use an image as a hotlink it is best to find a site that generates this code already, then the code can be used as a template to utilize this for other free images from sites that do not generate the code. Typically code will be generated for Bulletin Board (BBCode) or pure Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). This code can then simply be copied from the site and pasted directly into a form for a bulletin board post or into a websites html page by content management system (CMS) tool etc.

Transferring free images to a PC

Certain creative commons licenses allow for derivative works. This means that the image can be changed and manipulated to suit a webmasters needs or content. However, attribution must be given to the original author of the work that was copied freely. Most artists and photographers will allow their images to be used if proper credit is given for their work.

Organization planning should be the first priority for a webmaster that plans to build a local image cache for offline manipulation. External storage has become relatively inexpensive and it is a good idea to purchase a storage device or even online storage when planning to build an image library. Also, it is good to plan a file and folder structure according to a commonly known standard. This can be accomplished by naming folders according to date, subject, topic or even season, etc. Many image editing applications provide a image name prefix to be added to each image as it is saved or processed. It is much easier to plan this ahead of time rather than depending on software to help organize later. The time saved in creating an efficient structure will be well valued in the long run.

True webmasters will ask a photographer or graphic designer about licensing first, rather than to build a website or publish a work and then receive a DMCA take down notice. Most photographers are proud of their work and will provide a higher resolution image at no charge, as long as they are credited.

Image Intellectual property laws

Intellectual property laws have recently become a more prevalent issue since the inception of the internet. Hence the US government has heightened copyright laws and penalties for breach of copyright. If a webmaster were to receive a DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) take down notice from an internet service provider or other legitimate authority it is in the best interest of the webmaster to immediately comply with the request. This is especially true if the webmaster knows that they have copied the image from another website.

Intellectual property owners reserve the right to protect their works even if it seems that they provide their images for free of charge. Creative commons licensing outlines specific guidelines for attribution to the original creator, as well as criteria for derivative works. It is highly recommended to visit the creative commons website and become familiar with the various licensing models prior to copying or hotlinking to images even if they seem to be free of charge.

With a little time and research, artists, webmasters, developers and graphics designers can find many sources of images for free on the internet. All image content needs can be fulfilled while complying with copyright laws, this will help to build relationships with content providers for months and years to come.

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