Are Online Business Web Directories' Information Copyright Protected? - Internet

The issues surrounding web content and copyright laws can often be confusing. There are a variety of different opinions about copyright laws with many of them being incorrect. If you own an online business directory or are planning to list on a directory, it is important to understand copyright laws as it applies to the content in the directory.

When submitting to an online business directory, one will normally submit such items as logos, banners, URL that has a domain name, and graphics. When one creates individual work, they are covered by what is known as a copyright upon creation. Therefore, it is not essential to show a copyright symbol for every directory where one lists their information. Web pages are protected by a copyright. Information located on the pages and all information originating from the source of the content that is not displayed as public domain is protected by copyright. A collection of content which includes links is protected by copyright. URLs to web sites are not under copyright protection. It is important to note that a link is not the same as a URL.

Graphics and other forms multimedia located on a business directory are protected by a copyright, unless it states they are public domain. Source code for a web page is also protected by copyright. This means you should not copy and paste protected content and graphics. It is considered a copyright violation. As well, the design of a directory site is expected to be protected by copyright. Content displayed on the business directory such as product names, business names, written material, logos, photographs, graphics, domain names, music, and videos are copyright protected. Graphic user interfaces (GUIs), screen displays, and computer-generated graphic symbols, are protected by industrial design law. Databases can be protected by sui generis database laws or copyright laws. Software, that includes the text-based HTML code used in websites, can be protected by copyright or patents. It is important to note that when discussing a company's product or service, you need to iden tify the company. You can use their trademark but make sure it is displayed in a way that lets users know whose trademark it is so there are no problems with trademark infringement.

Many people think that the material on websites and directories are free to use. It is important that you make visitors aware of the copyright terms of your business directory. You can place a copyright statement on each page of the directory, as well as have a separate term of use and conditions web page. This will show the businesses that are listing on your directory that you take their privacy and copyright concerns seriously, and have taken the necessary steps to ensure that their material is protected. It also lets visitors know that they cannot take the businesses content for their personal use. With so much information available on the internet, it is important that you show businesses that you are a professional and legitimate online business directory. Understanding and implementing copyright protection on your online business directory is one way to display your legitimacy.

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Imitation Is Not Flattery: An Artist's Copyright Battle - Law

Copyright is a notoriously complicated area of the law; it involves a variety of different factors, many of which seem very subjective, and infringement cases often come down to a court making the call as to whether something is or is not an illegal "copy." This can be problematic since independent artists who have just as many rights as large corporate copyright owners many not have the resources (either financial or legal) to defend themselves against infringers.Artist John Unger has recently been writing on his website about his own legal battles involving possible imitations of his work. The Michigan-based sculptor makes "sustainable design with an edge," and is known for his Artisinal Firebowls, works of art created from recycled propane tanks. As a smaller, independent artist, Unger might never have noticed the similar works of a manufacturer if it were not for a fan confusing the other sculptures for his work. Unger says that he tried to protect his copyright and pr event this confusion by approaching the other party - who then filed a lawsuit of their own. Unger writes of his suspicions that this was simply an attempt to legally intimidate him since he does not have the financial resources to wage a lengthy courtroom battle.For artists like Unger, even before the court system gets involved, it can be difficult to determine whether their work is actually being copied - particularly in the legal sense. In U.S. copyright law, "substantial similarity" is a necessary element when proving in court that an infringement has occurred, but this is a nuanced term, and courts apply a variety of different tests to determine just how similar two works are. For example, one thing considered is the "total concept and feel," a test that was famously applied in a case against McDonalds, when the H.R. Pufnstuff children's television show claimed that the fast food chain's ads were copying the "feel" of their program. Another issue that those like Unger w ho create "functional" art must consider is how separable the aesthetic aspects are from the utilitarian ones since only the aesthetic part is given copyright protection. Functionality, or invention, is covered under patent law instead.It is of course for a court to decide if Mr. Unger indeed has the law on his side in this case, but his situation is a reminder that artists have the legal right to defend their work. It's a tricky question, but luckily artists have intellectual property lawyers to help them figure out when imitation stops being flattering and starts being illegal.

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What is a Photographer's Copyright and Why Do They Need It? - Education

It is a known fact that when it comes to originality, copyright is often imperative in order to protect the original creator of the work and stop others from freely reusing their image. Copyright is used in order to protect the advances which are made within science and art, whether this is to protect song lyrics, music, poetry, art, images and so forth. It can often be confused as a means to help others make a profit from outsiders using their work, but in actual fact is a way in which to protect various types of creative work which are of an expressive nature. Due to the protection law, this means that in order for the work to be protected by copyright, it will need to be recorded in some form, whether this is on paper or on a disc format for example. However, it is important to be aware that copyright protection does not protect ideas or facts of any kind. These are deemed as freedom of expression which anyone can use, even if they have a similar take on someone else's work or ideas. In order for a piece of work to be granted copyright protection, it will need to be creative in some way.

There are various forms of creativity around us such as logos from well known brand names, slogans and imagery. When it comes to photography copyright, many may become confused as to how the photographer can gain copyright of their images. In the instance that you hire a photographer to capture images of a special event, for example your wedding day; many may feel that as they have paid for the services of the photographer and they are the subject of the images that they then own the images. This is simply not the case. As it is a form of creative expression, a photographer will own the copyright of any images they capture, as well as the layout, style, etc. Copyright allows the photographer to use the images in which he captures as a means to help advertise their work to other potential clients and help build up their portfolio. This means that they are allowed to republish them on to websites and publications, sell them to clients and also amend them in anyway they wish in order to better the image for these reasons.

However, it is important to be aware that in the event that you hire a photographer, just because you are not the sole owner of these images that it means you will not have some rights. A photographer will automatically have copyright ownership over the images, but different photographers will have their own copyright policies which will provide the client with different advantages. You will more often that not be provided with copies of your images, but many photographers may also provide you with a license which will grant you use of the images for your own, non-profitable use. This may cost you extra in terms of your overall price, but it means you are able to make copies of the images to send to friends and families, as well as being able to share these on social networking sites which allow you to upload photographs. In order to be aware of what rights you will have with your license though, it is imperative that you read through your contract before signing so you ar e well aware of your rights and the terms of the agreement.

For many, photographs are worth a great deal more than the money they cost. However, by being aware of the copyright ownership of your images, you can be safe in the knowledge that you are sharing your images happily and legally.

Want to use this article in your e-zine or website? You can as long as you include this complete statement:

NY wedding photographer, Chris Leary publishes the "Weddings by Chris Leary Photography" weekly e-zine. Get your F*REE report: "10 Mistakes Brides Make When Planning Their Wedding Photography" at wedding photography tips

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Dropbox-The Next Big Thing - Computers

How would it be if you can store your files and folders across the internet and share them with everyone anywhere? Well, the Dropbox Inc, recognized your needs and designed Dropbox, a file storage service based on the cloud technology. File storage and file sharing is made possible through file synchronization. Now let us see why Dropbox is considered as a next big thing.

Offers free service as well as paid service: This could be the foremost reason for the success of Dropbox. It enables people to store up to 2GB of data for free. If you have even more amounts of data, then you can own up to 50GB of storage space for just $10 and 100GB for $20. These low costs have made Dropbox a next big thing which everyone would start thinking about.Referral bonus: As you know most of the entrepreneurs offer a referral bonus to promote their products in a real quick way. Dropbox Inc., offers about 8GB of free storage to those who refer Dropbox to others. This viral marketing strategy of Dropbox Inc, helped to standout among the competitors such as the iCloud, Boxnet, CloudMe, ZumoDrive etc.Available in multiple versions: the secret for the success of Dropbox is its compatibility to multiple operating systems and mobile devices. There are various versions of Dropbox that fit for operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. Separate ver sions are available for various mobile devices such as the Windows Phone 7, Android, iPhone, BlackBerry and iPad.Provision of Add-ons: The next big thing about Dropbox is provision of both unofficial and official add-ons such as the SendToDropbox which enables the users to send files to their dropboxes, MacDropAny which is an excellent feature that enables users to sync folders on their system with Dropbox. It also offers services such as the cloudHQ which enables the users to synchronize the files in Google Docs with those in Dropbox. Users can even edit the Dropbox documents.Abides to DMCA copyright rules: It strictly adheres to the DMCA copyright rules and regulations. It allows its users to upload only copyrighted files to Dropbox servers. It has the right to delete any of the user files violating the DMCA guidelines.Lastly, Dropbox Inc revises its terms and policies to ensure greater user protection. These amazing features of Dropbox have made it the next big thing to b e considered by any computer literate dealing with multiple files.

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Generic Ink Functions Fine With Every Single Form Of Printer - Computers

Brand title manufacturers, tired of generic suppliers reverse engineering their printer inkjet cartridges, have started out to institute "technological measures" As generic cartridges end up additional famous, organisations like Lexmark are pulling out the great guns. Within a final ditch effort to squash competitors, Lexmark has decided to endeavor to make use of the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to their benefit. It really is distinct, on the other hand, the courts never search kindly on organizations that endeavor to bend the law to their benefit.A family-owned home business in NC, Static Management, was accused by Lexmark of violating the DMCA by "cracking" the proprietary code utilized in Lexmark's chips. The SmartTek chip, designed and manufactured by Static Manage, fools the printer into believing that the printer inkjet cartridges are brand name, even when it's not. While they have agreed to halt production with the chip till an injunction date could be set, Static Handle maintains that they've done practically nothing to violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.Lots of argue that this case doesn't fall beneath the jurisdiction of your DMCA. Following all, the DMCA was place in place to safeguard issues like films and software program applications. In the 1993 Sega VS Accolade situation, the court stated: "Where disassembly may be the only way for you to achieve access for the ideas and functional aspects embodied within a copyrighted pc program and exactly where there may be a reputable explanation for searching for such access, disassembly may be a fair use from the copyrighted work, like a matter of law." With such a solid legal precedent, it appears unlikely that Lexmark will do well in their vitriolic attack against competitors.Along with that, there is certainly no requirement that payment processors re-accept a site that has been blocked this way. You recognize how these guys get the job done: They don't care if the web site is finally observed innocent. They'd label it as "high danger," and hardly ever manage it once more. And they'd likely start out creating whole new categories to lock out, just to steer clear of the headaches. "You let guests post in your webpage? Sorry. We do not accept interactive companies in our network." And, unless of course the ISPs are working from a centralized and regularly updated database, its unlikely the majority of them would ever clear away the blocks the moment they were in place. This isn't the first time brand ink providers have gone to intense measures to limit generic ink manufacturers' influence on the 30+ billion dollar market. Since the legal battles continue, it's turning into clear the courts are on the consumer's side. In North Carolina, it's genuinely illegal to sell printers which might be designed to favor brand printer inkjet cartridges. Hopefully, the rest on the nation will follow in its footsteps. Now you may buy generic ink with out acquiring to be concerned that it will not function in your brand title printer. Still, for those who own a Lexmark, it is best to seriously find another brand printer.

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Jingdong would push ebook platform to against dangdang - Business

December 9,, the news from , said recently released ebook store jingdong will plan, roll out PC and mobile client software, but its not with hardware reading devices.

It is reported, jingdong , the first online books of the more than 80000 varieties, including the ebook, digital journal category, multimedia ebook, cooperation supplier more than 200.

plan to fully integrate resources, content, in the industry chain will be in the mainstream of the content providers cooperation, including the press, the publishing company, copyright company, writers, etc.; Downstream with many manufacturers will hardware, and at the same time, the will synchronize introduced support various mobile hardware equipment reading the client, including cell phones, tablet computer, handheld reader, etc. The first phase out first PC and Android system client, then releasing IOS, Windows Phone system client, and may be introduced with the reader of adaptation client.

However, and amazon Kindle reader to push sales ebook different, will not to do our own ebook hardware reading devices.

At present, the jingdong enterprise already and HanWang, a grand collaboration, roll out content mall

According to a disclosure, was launched after , and there are plans to launch the second half of 2012 digital music business.

It is worth noting that, in the near future, the dangdang network also announced will launch , including 90% in the following 10 yuan price paid , iOS and download Android mobile terminal applications download and has arises when their own electronic reader.

And the insiders, the launch of jingdong will also compete with dangdang .

Last year, the had and dangdang network for book business spread saliva war

December 9,, the news from , said recently released ebook store jingdong will plan, roll out PC and mobile client software, but its not with hardware reading devices.

It is reported, jingdong , the first online books of the more than 80000 varieties, including the ebook, digital journal category, multimedia ebook, cooperation supplier more than 200.

plan to fully integrate resources, content, in the industry chain will be in the mainstream of the content providers cooperation, including the press, the publishing company, copyright company, writers, etc.; Downstream with many manufacturers will hardware, and at the same time, the will synchronize introduced support various mobile hardware equipment reading the client, including cell phones, tablet computer, handheld reader, etc. The first phase out first PC and Android system client, then releasing IOS, Windows Phone system client, and may be introduced with the reader of adaptation client.

However, and amazon Kindle reader to push sales ebook different, will not to do our own ebook hardware reading devices.

At present, the jingdong enterprise already and HanWang, a grand collaboration, roll out content mall

According to a disclosure, was launched after , and there are plans to launch the second half of 2012 digital music business.

It is worth noting that, in the near future, the dangdang network also announced will launch , including 90% in the following 10 yuan price paid , iOS and download Android mobile terminal applications download and has arises when their own electronic reader.

And the insiders, the launch of jingdong will also compete with dangdang .

Last year, the had and dangdang network for book business spread saliva war

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Float Tube Fishing - The Ultimate BC Fly Fishing Experience - Computers

Personally, there is nothing like relaxing in my float tube catching rainbow trout on my favorite BC fly fishing lake. It's better than my easy chair in my living room. Yes, belly boating became a mainstay of my fly fishing vacation or trips back in the late 1990's when I traded my truck in for a mini-van.

Belly boating or float tubing is a whole new experience. The best thing is how relaxing it can be especially when you have the opportunity to anchor or drift. If you are lucky (and most lakes in the Kamloops area are like this) you will get to witness eagles, ospreys and waterfowl at a closer range because they are less bothered by your intrusion. Wildlife like bear, deer, moose or coyotes often come to waters edge to relieve their thirst.

There are lots of lakes throughout BC that are accommodating to float tube fishing. To make the experience as enjoyable as possible there are a few considerations to review such as access. Access to the lake and on to the lake are probably most important factors when choosing your fishing body of water.

Here are some important factors when considering your belly boating fishing trip. It pays to be prepared when looking for float tube fishing locations. Please make sure to check the BC Freshwater Fishing Regulations before you head out to any lake, stream or river.

1. Prospects - I first decide whether I want lots of fish or big fish. The two are occasionally synonomous however I have learned not to stretch my expectations. I'd rather be surprised.

Personally, I've caught lots of fish, so I relish in the prospects of catching big fish, even if it means going to catch and release only lakes. The Kamloops Area and Roche Lake Area in BC have many lakes that have limited bag limits (including catch and release only). Usually these lakes have trophy sized fish and are harder to catch. However, for the fisherman who likes to eat their catch, there are also many opportunities to catch many fish with some reasonable sized fish.

2. Access to the lake body - we are looking for a smooth, tapering launch. No sense in slogging through mud, rocks and sticks that result in getting stuck in the mud with your fins or damaging your waders or tube. Another consideration is access to the shore from different parts of the lake. Looking after 'personal business' requires getting to a landing quickly and peeling down the waders. When the water is cold, this event can spring up on you quickly.

3. Access to prime locations on the lake - the smaller the lake the better. Float tubes are not known for their speed (pontoon boats are quicker) so you want to get to the prime fishing spots (shoals, drop-offs, weed beds) as soon as possible.

4. Suscepibility to wind - Wind is the single most annoying factor while float tubing fishing. You don't have the advantage of sitting high in a boat and casting distances can be considerably shorter. It is important to me to be able to find some shelter from whatever direction the wind is blowing. Look for odd shaped lakes with sheltered bays. Waves created by wind can also be a challenge when trying to return to your vehicle, so keep this in mind when wandering a long way from your launch site.

5. Vehicle Access to the Lake - paved, gravel or 4x4. The nice thing about a float tube is that it can be easily deflated enough to fit in a car, car trunk or other two-wheel drive vehicle. Many of the lakes in the Interior are quite accessible by 2 wheel drive vehicles. On the other hand, there are no shortage of 4x4 or hike in lakes that are willing to reward the adventurous.

Visit here for a list of some of my favorite float tube fishing lakes in BC.

Enjoy the relaxation, tight lines and enjoy your BC fly fishing vacation whatever lake you are at.

BFSH Internet Marketing - Copyright 2007 - all rights reserved

Dave Ouellette learned most of his fly fishing information when he was an Engineering Tech for Ducks Unlimited Canada for 11 years in Kamloops and Williams Lake BC. While constructing over 200 wetland segement in the Southern Interior of BC, Dave managed to fish almost as many lakes and streams in his travels and has been able to brush shoulders with some of the most experienced trout fisherman in the province. As an avid fly fisherman, Dave spends most of his ice free seasons devoting intense research and development days to the rainbow trout lakes in the southern interior of British Columbia.Today he owns and manages a couple of websites and blogs including the interior fly fishing vacation site at

BFSH Internet Marketing - Copyright 2007 - all rights reserved

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Baidu library cooperated with 46 home publishing - Business - Small Business

July 7 evening news, by July 5, baidu has successively and Shanghai library wenhui press, too white art and literature press, blue lion, department culture forty-six copyright institution in the original book cooperation to reach an agreement, the original ebook number has more than 10000, and the library in baidu launched "ten percent acquisition" activities.

Users log on baidu "library bookstore" page can see, baidu for including Shanghai wenhui, blue lion, department culture, 3 G part such as book city famous press have project page, and hit "ten percent acquisition" signs of new book reader, shelves and hits the highest classic books carried on the key recommendations.

The front page of popular in baidu libraries in the recommended books, kai-fu lee from the heart of choice for $28.8 price paper books, and only 2 yuan for library pricing, less than one over ten of the price of a grown-up, browse number has more than 200000 times; While the paper book pricing the management jobs $42 log "library pricing only $4.99, more than 300000 times daily.

Baidu library users of mass viewing and order for publishing party brings commercial value is obvious. For these original books of the income distribution, baidu library will through the sales and advertising into model, the lion's share of the revenue back to the copyright owners.

Blue lion digital publishing center manager said: "the traditional publishing industry is inevitably to network or be network, how to explore a set of applicable to network book market business model is very important. We value the huge influence of baidu, and is willing to work with baidu library cooperation platform, through published for looking for new market space."

Baidu library operation manager said: "library cooperation platform set up two months, gets more and more recognition and welcome the copyright party, also the first batch of partners create value. We want more publishers to join library cooperation platform, the common participation in ebook copyright protection efforts, for the majority of Internet users to read with rich, promoting Internet digital publishing industry development efforts."

According to information, baidu in succession with some recent large publishing group and university press reached cooperation intention, in addition to the literature books, will be in the charge such as social science knowledge education books more rich; Baidu is working with BiShuMin etc writers with business cooperation.

July 7 evening news, by July 5, baidu has successively and Shanghai library wenhui press, too white art and literature press, blue lion, department culture forty-six copyright institution in the original book cooperation to reach an agreement, the original ebook number has more than 10000, and the library in baidu launched "ten percent acquisition" activities.

Users log on baidu "library bookstore" page can see, baidu for including Shanghai wenhui, blue lion, department culture, 3 G part such as book city famous press have project page, and hit "ten percent acquisition" signs of new book reader, shelves and hits the highest classic books carried on the key recommendations.

The front page of popular in baidu libraries in the recommended books, kai-fu lee from the heart of choice for $28.8 price paper books, and only 2 yuan for library pricing, less than one over ten of the price of a grown-up, browse number has more than 200000 times; While the paper book pricing the management jobs $42 log "library pricing only $4.99, more than 300000 times daily.

Baidu library users of mass viewing and order for publishing party brings commercial value is obvious. For these original books of the income distribution, baidu library will through the sales and advertising into model, the lion's share of the revenue back to the copyright owners.

Blue lion digital publishing center manager said: "the traditional publishing industry is inevitably to network or be network, how to explore a set of applicable to network book market business model is very important. We value the huge influence of baidu, and is willing to work with baidu library cooperation platform, through published for looking for new market space."

Baidu library operation manager said: "library cooperation platform set up two months, gets more and more recognition and welcome the copyright party, also the first batch of partners create value. We want more publishers to join library cooperation platform, the common participation in ebook copyright protection efforts, for the majority of Internet users to read with rich, promoting Internet digital publishing industry development efforts."

According to information, baidu in succession with some recent large publishing group and university press reached cooperation intention, in addition to the literature books, will be in the charge such as social science knowledge education books more rich; Baidu is working with BiShuMin etc writers with business cooperation.

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Entertainment Industry and Intellectual Property Protection in India - Law - Intellectual Property

Entertainment is one of the most happening Industries in India. Though the industry and services offered is not perceived the same way; as services offered by a business entity or organizations in a stream of business; the size of the industry has significant impact in terms of the mass reach, jobs created, economy and technology absorption. Getting to the details of forms of Entertainment and shows; the most common mediums are: Movies TV Serials Reality Shows Radio Drama Shows Live Performances (Music and Dance) Sporting Events

Each of the above programs or shows is a result of the Script or Story writers, directors, Music Composers, Artists Choreographers & Technicians and Organizers. The kind of work that goes into creation of such a work will be in terms of the Story, Creativity, Music, Dialogue, Art works and technologies. The works are a result of Intellectual learning and applications. Hence there is a need to protect the Intellectual Property to retain the rights over the work; since copying of the work is very easy in case of cinematic works & publications.

The forms of protecting such Intellectual Property can be by means of Copyright protection for the works and Legal Agreements between the parties in interaction & transaction. The model and mechanism of the Entertainment shows and mediums itself necessitates strong legal agreements; since the realization of the revenue in most cases is only after the completion of the work.

The body for Copyright protection is the Copyright Office under the HRD Ministry. The Copyright works are governed by The Copyright Act, 1957 and This Act has been amended five times since then, i.e., in 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994 and 1999, with the amendment of 1994 being the most substantial. (Source: Copyright office website)

In India steps towards Copyright protection has significantly improved and campaigns against piracy have appreciated the industry to take legal measures and avoid piracy. With the industry size anticipated to grow from the present INR 652 Billion in 2010 to INR 1275 billion by 2015 (Source: FICCI Press Release); steps will be taken to strengthen the IP protection and reduce reproduction of the works.

In India, production houses, artists, musicians, script developers are adopting copyright protection and agreement forms to protect their works. In addition to this since India is a land of multiple languages, investors are looking at protection of the works in multiple languages in case of remakes and story adoptions.

Copyright - Brain League IP Services 2011; All Rights Reserved

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Is Your Intellectual Property Protected? - Education

THE NOODLE-HEADThe other day I had quite a shock. A student who was taking one of my Internet courses e-mailed me to tell me that it was so beneficial "I emailed copies to all my friends and family." Thereby circumventing my $29.99 per course, and violating my copyright. Yikes!THE KNAVEI also market coaches. I design websites, including search engine optimization. In doing some work for a client, I discovered suddenly someone had overtaken them on the search engine. When I checked, it turned out they had completely copied the source codes I'd done, keywords and all. Not one word was changed.Double yikes!THE NERVEAnother client was checking out the competition on the web one day - he cuts plastics - and found someone had copied his entire entry page, just changing the logo and company name where needed. Same photos, same placement, same ad copy, same menu buttons... Busted!TIME TO CHECK WITH YOUR ATTORNEY ABOUT YOUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?Check with your attorney, bec ause it's confusing. Even being a certified paralegal, I find intellectual property law daunting.According to the Cornell Law School website, "under current law, works are covered whether or not a copyright is attached and whether or not the work is registered." (This means registered with the US Copyright Office.) HOWEVER, the American Intellectual Property Lawyers Association [AIPLA] says the "registration... is not required for existence of copyright; however, it is a prerequisite to a lawsuit for copyright infringement and to certain legal remedies." [Source: /Content/ContentGroups/Publications1/Publications_available_for_viewing1/What_is_a_Patent_and_Trademark.htm ] They recommend you have a specialist draft the document.Does that mean you should get one? Is a of any use if it doesn't allow you "remedies"? I refer clients to an attorney.To get an official copyright, you can apply directly to the US Copyright office - /register. Here are a few of the things they list as being copyright-able:LITERARY WORKSFiction and nonfictionManuscriptsCompilation of dataAutomated databasesDissertations, theses, reports, speechesBound of looseleaf volumesPublished or unpublishedPamphlets, brochuresOnline worksApparently also included are website HTML code, source codes and website screen displays. Registration becomes effective on the day they receive your application, and the official Certificate of Registration will come 4-5 months later (hold your tongue!)There are also commercial sites you can register through. Here are three: /copyright-on-the-internet.html/gdshop/copyright/landing_choice.asp?isc=&se=%2B&from%5Fapp=Here is a resource which also explains the process: /registration.shtml Do you know the difference between a copyright and a trademark? You'll find a good review here from the AILPA: /Content/ContentGroups/Publications1/Publications_available_for_viewing1/What_is_a_Patent_and_Trademark.htm.Also on their website you'll find some educational materials, such as "How to Protect and Benefit from Your Ideas" - (/Template.cfm?section=About_AIPLA ).Apparently you will also receive something to place on your website more imposing than a .Check with your attorney for legal advice, please.

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Intellectual Property Basics for Internet-Based Startup Companies - Law - Intellectual Property

A common telephone call I receive from potential clients relates to intellectual property protection for an Internet-based startup company. Typically, the caller states that he or she has come up with a great idea and name for a company, and has commenced development of a website by hiring third parties such as web designers and graphic artists. The caller then asks what he or she needs to do to protect themselves, their idea, the name of the company and their website. This is what I generally tell them: Incorporate. Since this article deals with intellectual property issues, I will not delve into the pros and cons of forming a corporation over an LLC. That decision should generally be left to corporate counsel and the clients accountant. With that said, either entity provides a corporate shield which can protect the clients personal assets. Part of incorporating includes choosing a name for the company. In many instances, the name of the corporation will also serve as the name of the online business. This raises trademark and service mark issues, which are discussed next. Conduct a trademark search, fi le a trademark application, and register domain names. A trademark is a word, phrase, logo, symbol or design, or a combination thereof, that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods of one party from goods of another. A service mark identifies and distinguishes the source of services. Before incorporating, it is important to determine whether the name the client has chosen for his or her business has been previously used for the same goods or services. Trademark and service mark rights are derived from use. As such, an individual who has commenced using a mark first is generally the owner of the mark. This is true even if that person does not have a trademark or service mark registration. And, even without a registration, that person may enforce their common law rights through federal and state unfair competition laws. Even if the clie nt performs a Google search or a search on the United States Patent and Trademark Office website () to determine if there has been prior use of a mark, the prior use may not be discovered. In numerous instances, clients have come to visit me after they have started operating their business under a certain mark, and have subsequently received a cease and desist letter from a prior trademark user/owner. In many cases, the clients are forced to change their name, and invest substantial money to re-brand. This can be avoided in many instances if a proper trademark search is completed through companies such as Thompson Compumark. We also recommend the drafting of an opinion letter. If the search report is clear, the client may then use that name for incorporating their company. We also recommend that a client file a federal trademark application, as well as register domain name extensions for the mark since a domain name can also function as a trademark. Important extensions are. com,.net, and.biz.File a patent application. A patent grants one the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling an invention. In order for an invention to be patentable, the invention must be new, useful, and non-obvious. We recommend that a client meet with our patent prosecutors to determine whether or not their idea or invention is patentable, or if it infringes on another partys patent rights. Even if the clients idea is not patentable, the client can potentially protect the idea as a trade secret via Nevadas Uniform Trade Secrets Act and through non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements. Additionally, the client may be able to protect their websites source code and content through via copyright law.File a copyright application. Copyright law protects original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, such as poetry, novels, movies, songs, computer software, and architecture. As opposed to patent law , copyright law protects the expression of ideas rather than the ideas themselves. Compared to filing a patent application, the cost of fi ling a copyright application is much less expensive and easier to accomplish. Again, a client can copyright their website and source code via a copyright application, in addition to other original works of authorship. While a copyright registration is not a prerequisite to obtaining copyright rights in a work, it is a jurisdictional prerequisite to fi ling a copyright infringement action in the Ninth Circuit, where Nevada is located. Also, if copyright infringement occurs prior to registering a copyright, a client will most likely not be able to recover attorneys fees or statutory damages. As such, we strongly recommend that a copyright application be filed as early as possible. Have independent contractors and third parties sign agreements. As discussed previously, potential Internet startup clients hire third parties to assist with the creation of their websites. Most of the time, these individuals are not employees, but instead independent contractors. As it pertains to copyright law, absent an agreement to the contrary, the person who actually creates the work is the owner of the work. As such, even if the client pays the independent contractor to perform work, the client might not be the owner of the work itself the independent contractor will be. As such, independent contractor agreements including work for hire and assignment clauses should be prepared and executed to protect the clients ownership rights in the given work. Additionally, clients like to pitch their idea to third parties. In order to protect their trade secret rights, and other intellectual property rights, the client should have such third parties execute a non-disclosure agreement prior to disclosure. The foregoing represents some of the common issues raised by potential Internet startup clients, and is in no way meant as an exhausti ve discussion of these issues or as legal advice.For More, please visit

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Generic Ink Functions Fine With Every Single Form Of Printer - Computers

Brand title manufacturers, tired of generic suppliers reverse engineering their printer inkjet cartridges, have started out to institute "technological measures" As generic cartridges end up additional famous, organisations like Lexmark are pulling out the great guns. Within a final ditch effort to squash competitors, Lexmark has decided to endeavor to make use of the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to their benefit. It really is distinct, on the other hand, the courts never search kindly on organizations that endeavor to bend the law to their benefit.A family-owned home business in NC, Static Management, was accused by Lexmark of violating the DMCA by "cracking" the proprietary code utilized in Lexmark's chips. The SmartTek chip, designed and manufactured by Static Manage, fools the printer into believing that the printer inkjet cartridges are brand name, even when it's not. While they have agreed to halt production with the chip till an injunction date could be set, Static Handle maintains that they've done practically nothing to violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.Lots of argue that this case doesn't fall beneath the jurisdiction of your DMCA. Following all, the DMCA was place in place to safeguard issues like films and software program applications. In the 1993 Sega VS Accolade situation, the court stated: "Where disassembly may be the only way for you to achieve access for the ideas and functional aspects embodied within a copyrighted pc program and exactly where there may be a reputable explanation for searching for such access, disassembly may be a fair use from the copyrighted work, like a matter of law." With such a solid legal precedent, it appears unlikely that Lexmark will do well in their vitriolic attack against competitors.Along with that, there is certainly no requirement that payment processors re-accept a site that has been blocked this way. You recognize how these guys get the job done: They don't care if the web site is finally observed innocent. They'd label it as "high danger," and hardly ever manage it once more. And they'd likely start out creating whole new categories to lock out, just to steer clear of the headaches. "You let guests post in your webpage? Sorry. We do not accept interactive companies in our network." And, unless of course the ISPs are working from a centralized and regularly updated database, its unlikely the majority of them would ever clear away the blocks the moment they were in place. This isn't the first time brand ink providers have gone to intense measures to limit generic ink manufacturers' influence on the 30+ billion dollar market. Since the legal battles continue, it's turning into clear the courts are on the consumer's side. In North Carolina, it's genuinely illegal to sell printers which might be designed to favor brand printer inkjet cartridges. Hopefully, the rest on the nation will follow in its footsteps. Now you may buy generic ink with out acquiring to be concerned that it will not function in your brand title printer. Still, for those who own a Lexmark, it is best to seriously find another brand printer.

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Protect your work with copyright - Law - Copyright Law

You've finished your manuscript. You've edited and re-edited. It's finally ready for eyes other than yours and your mother's to read. But just like sex, it's best to be protected. The United States Copyright Office has your back on that.

According to the United States Copyright Office, your manuscript is officially copyrighted the moment it exists in a tangible form. If you register with the USCO, this puts your copyright in the public record. This helps if you ever need to go to court over intellectual property rights, for existing public record can get you statutory damages and attorney's fees if your case is successful.

Once at the USCO homepage, you'll want to click on the "How to Register your Work" icon. The picture attached to this story is exactly what you're looking for.

Next you'll encounter a page with the following three ways to file your materials with the office:

1) Using the eCO Online system

2) Filing Form CO

3) Paper filing

The cheapest and easiest way is to use the eCO Online System.

Please note that to use the first method, you will have to create a user name and password to log into the system. This will help in the future as you can monitor your application. You can also save a template of your copyright application to use on future similar works.When you get to the eCO page, you'll want the "Register a new claim" selection under the menu heading "Copyright services."

Once in the system, you fill out the "forms" and pay the $35 processing fee, all done online. You'll also upload your manuscript. You probably already have it as a Microsoft Word file and can upload it that way. Adobe's PDF is also a viable option. There's a list available when you get to that point.

This method takes about a half hour if you read every last thing. It's self-explanatory, with plenty of hyperlinks identifying each step of the process.

If you'd prefer to mail an application, use the Form CO and Form TX paper filing options. Form CO is a PDF download. Right click and save the link to your computer. Fill out the form (in one session; no saving to your computer), then print it out.

Now be very careful with that barcode, as it stores the necessary information. The fee for this method is $50, but if you mess up the barcode the USCO will jack the price to $65, the same as a Form TX paper filing (described below).

Instead of uploading a manuscript or paying online, you print out your complete Form CO. Then mail the form, your deposit of $50 and your manuscript to the USCO.

The last option is to do everything old school. Unfortunately, the necessary Form TX for your literary work is not available online. Contact the USCO for a copy. Then mail the completed form, your manuscript and the fee of $65 to the USCO.

Don't forget mailing fees associated with Form CO and Form TX. You can probably use a United States Post Office Flat Rate Priority Mail box for $4.95 depending on the size of your manuscript.

Whichever method you choose, it comes down to "Pay the Man, upload/ mail your manuscript, confirm your application" and you're good to go. I used the eCO method and received rapid fire confirmation emails. If you use methods two or three, let me know how they confirm so I can pass it on to other readers.

The USCO is nice enough to give a turnaround time. As of this writing, it's nine months for an electronic filing and a whopping twenty-two months for Form CO or paper filings.

Keep a copy of all transactions with the USCO. While you wait for that lovely certificate of registration, these are your proof of application. It may seem pricey and frustrating, but in the end the protection is well worth the effort.

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Do It Yourself Articles,Copyright Laws And The Public Domain - Publishing

I have been interested in do it yourself plans for a long time. Over the course of many years I have searched for and accumulated plans required to build things that I either wanted, or in fact needed. Well before the the start of the internet I realised that many kinds of building plans were to be found in older copies of magazines including Science And Mechanics, Mechanix Illustrated and various other magazines of this type.

Over a period of years I accumulated a collection of hundreds of old DIY plans from these sources. Later I did some research on the "public domain" and I discovered to my delight that the vast majority of old plans and articles, in these magazines, which were first published prior to the year 1964 were actually now copyright expired, and were in the public domain.

Their copyright had never been renewed prior to the expiry date of 28 years from date of publication. All media published in the United states of America, in the years from 1923 to 1964 had a copyright term of 28 years from the date of first publication. This copyright was required to be renewed in the 28th year after puiblication or the copyright expired at that point, and the material entered the public domain. The copyright was not renewable by anyone after entering the public domain. It is also a fact that everything which was published in the United States of America prior to the year 1923 is also, without exception, in the public domain.

To put it simply this means that this material is not in copyright anymore and can be used by anyone for whatever purpose they wish. This applies to audio and video materials as well as to printed matter. This public domain material can be republished and copied or resold, in any form, by anyone whatsoever.

The material can not be copyrighted in the original form, but it is possible to copyright a new version if "significant changes" have been made to the original. In the year 1964 copyright laws were rewritten in the United States, and material published after that year remains in copyright for much longer in the vast majority of cases. It should be noted however that some publications up to 1978 are in the public domain.

To avoid becoming involved in copyright problems it is best for most people to republish only those items which were first copyrighted before 1964, and which are quite definitely in the public domain, which has been established by checking the records of the US copyright office. This copyright check can be carried out online.

For all materials copyrighted prior to 1923 it is not necessary to do a copyright renewal check since pre 1923 items are universally in the public domain. If you should find an interesting item is which was published between 1923 and 1964 a simple free check with the US Copyright Office can be performed online, and this will establish beyond any doubt that it is in fact copyright expired and therefore is available in the public domain.

Publications which go back for years before the 1923 cutoff date can be found online and can be downloaded at a number of websites including and others. Carrying out search engine search for the words "public domain" will find a number of websites where material is available for download and is often free for the taking. Some really great do it yourself plans are also available for downloading from internet sources.

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Digital environment, the collective management of copyright protection under the plan break deadlock - Business

December 2 ~ 3, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the National Copyright Administration of China jointly held a number of copyright and related rights under the collective Management Seminars, deputy director of China's National Copyright Administration Yan Xiaohong, told the meeting that the copyright collective management system is an important part of the copyright system, is a measure of a country's copyright management and protection of important indicator. In the digital and Network The rapid development of technology today, the collective management may be to solve the problem in Cyberspace key. Chinese copyright collective management organizations and copyright law expert also at the Symposium on China's collective copyright management issues and the solution expressed their point of view. Scholars: the traditional licensing model network challenges faced National figures published Peking University Zhang Ping, director of research base that the I nternet efficient, convenient, interactive, free to share the spirit and tradition of copyright protection has a huge conflict between, and in that it is law and the ethical balance between access to information It is obvious the former is more difficult, so the network any number of "offenders", the follow-up creation and dissemination of information to increase the legal risk; copyright protection in accordance with existing rules of claim rights, but activists high cost, the interest can not expect be realized, the ultimate right to exist in name only, the law failed. "This is a problem faced by countries in the world, not just in China." Zhang Ping said that P2P networks in the United States, 80% none of the above, authorized, and recently Google copyright controversy again, the digital library environment to the Internet of copyright protection issues to the cusp. Ping believes that each of the traditional licensing model in the Internet environment has been challenged. The face of massive work, work to achieve every prior authorization and then spread on the network is almost hopeless. For our present situation is concerned, in respect of legislation, "Information Network Transmission Right Protection Ordinance" has been a safe haven in principle, but still can not keep up with technology, ISP's intension and extension are still fuzzy. In justice, on the protection of the interests of copyright owners, commercial law is more stringent use of new technologies, rather than commercial use is the lack of specification; the public mind at present is the ease of use first, to be the largest private ends meet; and as copyright collective management organization, authorized channel current management is not clear, limited capacity. Music Collection Society: Rights bottlenecks encountered compensation Video Collective Management of Copyright Society of China (the "Association for Music Collection"), Deputy Director-General Ma Chao at the meeting f ollowing the introduction, the association is 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) Kara OK to carry out the work of the Office of the copyright license fees. 2008 received more than 2000 million, in 2009 collected 60 million yuan in the first half, the association recently held General Assembly will determine the allocation program. In 2008, the Association filed 100 in Beijing karaoke bars for Kara OK litigation, resulting in a greater impact. Current problems is the measure of compensation vary, the overall amount of compensation is low, some users of a court order illegal song only 20 yuan compensation for rights holders and thus fail to punish piracy, illegal behavior. Investigated for criminal liability in respect of the puzzle is: how to define the digital environment, the number of infringement carrier. Following the Super Ma said that the current problem is that record companies do not broadcast and performances from the use of the right to obtain rem uneration for secondary use, it seriously weakened the protection of the rights of the record companies. China has more than 500 Home Appliances , And TV are free to use sound recordings, there are tens of thousands of places to play background music. Therefore, the tone set by the Association in the establishment of a variety of ways to revise the law, for the interests of record companies. In addition, he believes that the current collective management organizations in China on the qualitative is not clear, as the non-profit social organizations, not with the ordinary distinction between social groups; to go through the double approval of its establishment, took too long: Association for sound set from the Copyright Office Ministry of Civil Affairs approval to the completion of registration, before and after 3 years. He proposed to amend the "Copyright Law", to enhance coordination with relevant laws and regulations. Following the super horse that need to implement an exte nsion of the collective management system. In the current judicial practice, by the collective management organizations Proxy Rights of the high volume of cases the number of compensation awarded less often, but not the right person to join the Association to have access to more than the legal amount of compensation association. Following Ma Chao that the digital environment to music copyright collective management challenges are: the development of digital technology through the technology platform for the rights holders directly to the large number of users to license and use of detailed records calculated using the charges as possible, the collective management organization can not demonstrate the advantages of the traditional environment, many of the rights of people reluctant to join the collective management organizations. In addition, the emergence of a number of now using digital technology platform, a large number of music copyright agent the agent, using commercial mode of operation, the impact on the formation of collective management organizations. Following Ma Chao give a solution to this is that the development of advanced digital management platform, providing a fair and transparent solution.

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About Your Copyright - Publishing - Copywriting

With the easy access of the Internet, more people are writing and creating and displaying their art publicly than ever before. As a marketing coach, I receive many questions about copyrights - how to get your own, and how to know about someone else's work. WHAT EXACTLY IS A COPYRIGHT?According to the U. S. Copyright Office, a copyright is "a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U. S. Code) to the authors of 'original works of authorship,' including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works." You can see it's a broad definition. One of the most important things to note is that it's a misconception that you must use a copyright notice on your work, or see one on someone else's for it to be copyrighted. This was required at one time, but is no longer.So, just because you're looking at someone's Internet course, or reading an article they wrote, and it doesn't have a copyright notice on it - either on the Int ernet or hard copy - doesn't mean it isn't copyrighted. In fact it is copyrighted the minute it takes tangible form. This has two ramifications. First of all, it's still good to use the copyright notice on your work, i.e., . You can make this by going to "Insert" then "symbol" then "special characters" then click on the symbol and then "Insert" and then "close."Of in a word document, simply type this - ( c ) (without spaces between) and it will automatically convert to the symbol.According to the U. S. Copyright Office, the following "works of authorship" are covered:1.Literary works2.Musical works, including any accompanying words3.Dramatic works, including any accompanying music4.Pantomimes and choreographic works5.Pictorial, graphic and sculptural works6.Motion pictures and other audiovisual works7.Sound recordings8.Architectural worksImmediately the minute you create your work in "fixed form" it is your property. The U. S. Copyright office specifies that all these cate gories should be taken broadly. For instance a map could be registered as "pictorial work." There are benefits to registering, of course.But do understand that someone else's work is copyrighted whether there's the symbol on it. Respect the international copyright law! When in doubt, contact the person for permission. For more information, go here: And of course always check with an intellectual property attorney for legal information.

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The 4 Can't Miss Keys To Copyright - Marketing

Copyrightisthewriter'ssecurityblanket.Itjustmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyourwordsareprotected.Ionceknewawriterwhowassoscaredhisworkwouldbestolen,heneversentitanywhere.Talkaboutcounterproductive!Butifyoucanunderstandthesefoursimplecopyrightkeys,youcanresteasyandsubmitatwill.

1.Create!

That'sallyouhavetodotocopyrightsomething:writeit.Youdon'thavetopublishitandyoudon'thavetoregisteritwiththeUnitedStatesCopyrightOffice,althoughtherearecertainadvantagestoregistration(seebelow).Themomentapieceiswrittendown,itautomaticallygainscopyrightandthatcopyrightisownedbytheauthor.

2.GiveNotice.

That'swhenyouputthatlittleencircled"c"onthework.Youcanalsousetheword"Copyright",thenyournameandtheyearoffirstpublication.Forinstance,thisnewsletteris"Copyright2005SophfroniaScott".Ittellstheworldthattheworkisprotectedsosomeonecan'tshowupincourtandclaimtheydidn'tknowitwas.Speakingofcourt...

3.RegisterYourCopyright.

Again,registeringwiththeUnitedStatesCopyrightOfficeisreallyjustalegality.Youdon'thavetodoit.Butyoudogetafewbenefitsforthe$30feethatareworthconsidering.

Registrationmakesyourcopyrightamatterofpublicrecordand--getthis--ifyouregisterandsomeonelaterinfringesonyourcopyrightandyoutakethemtocourt,youwillbeabletosuefor"statutorydamagesandattorney'sfees".Withanunregisteredworkyoucanonlygetanawardofactualdamagesandprofit.Tolearnmoreonhowtoregisteryourliteraryworkgoto/register/literary.html.

4.SendCopiestotheLibraryofCongress.

Onceyourbookispublished,you'rerequiredtosendtwocopiestotheLibraryofCongress.It'scalleda"mandatorydepositofpublishedworks".Ifyourbookisproducedbyatraditionalpublisher,thepeopletherewilldothisforyou,butifyouareselfpublishing,keepinmindthatyouhavetodothisyourself.Youhavethreemonthsafterpublication.Itdoesn'thurtyourcopyrightifyoudon'tdoitbut,accordingtotheCopyrightOffice,"failuretomakethedepositcanresultinfinesandotherpenalties."

That'sit!Prettysimple,really,butallthemorereasonwhyitshouldnotbecomeanartificialroadblocktoyourcontinuingandsubmittingyourwork.Onelastnote:youcan'tcopyrightanidea.Ihaveheardwriterssaytheysubmittedastoryorbookproposalandsomeoneelsecameoutwithabookjustlikeit,sotheagent/editor/writermusthavestolentheiridea.Well,notquite.Itishighlylikelythatsomeoneelsejusthadthesameidea.Itdoeshappen.Andyes,itispossibleforsomeonetostealyouridea--justmakeREALLYsurethattheyhavedonesobeforeyoumaketheaccusation.

2005SophfroniaScott

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Protect Your Ideas With Copyrights And Patents - Business

Q: Can you tell me the difference between a copyright and a patent? Also is that something I should let a lawyer handle for me?

A: A wise man once said, "The biggest difference between a copyright and a patent is the number of lawyers it takes to do the paperwork." There is a point to be made there, mainly that if this wise man had paid his attorney to copyright that tidbit of wisdom I probably would have had to pay him five bucks to use the quote.

Copyrights, trademarks and patents are similar in that they are designed by law to protect your rights of ownership, but that's where the similarity ends. A copyright protects a creative work; a trademark protects a brand or company identity; and a patent protects an invention or process.

A copyright protects the rights of anyone who creates an "original work of authorship." A copyright owner has the exclusive right to reproduce the work; prepare spin-off works based on the copyrighted work; and to sell, perform and/or display the copyrighted work in public.

Copyright protection is afforded to eight categories of creative works: literary works (the written word); musical works (lyrics, music, melodies); dramatic works (plays, scripts, screenplays); artistic works (pictorial and sculptural), sound recordings (LPs, CDs, audio tapes); choreographic works (dance, pantomime); audiovisual works; and architectural works (blueprints, designs, renderings).

An original work is automatically copyrighted the moment it is put into a fixed format such as a paper copy or recording. In other words, once you put your original story in writing or make a recording of an original song, your copyright is automatically secured. From that moment on your work has copyright protection for your lifetime, plus 50 years after your death.

Registering a work with the U.S. Copyright Office is not required, but since it is relatively simple and inexpensive to do so, I advise that you register a copyright for each work you wish to protect. Also, your copyright must be registered in order to take legal action against someone who might infringe on the copyright in the future.

You can register a copyright without the assistance of an attorney. Simply visit the U.S. Copyright office website at /copyright/ and download the appropriate form. Complete the form and send it in with a $30 nonrefundable filing fee. This must be done for each individual work you wish to protect.

A patent is a form of protection granted to an inventor that protects his invention in the United States for up to 20 years from the date of application. Patent law states that, "whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, or any new and useful improvements thereof may obtain a patent." Owning a patent gives you the legal right to stop someone else from making, using or selling your invention (or one that's very close to it) without your permission. However, proving that someone is infringing on your patent is often difficult and usually requires a trial to settle the dispute.

Since the first U.S. patent was awarded in 1790, more than five million patents have been awarded. The patent office receives more than 230,000 patent applications every year and I can tell you from personal experience that a turtle on Prozac moves faster than the patent process. Patents can take several years, truckloads of paperwork, and considerable legal fees to obtain. The cost of obtaining a patent can run from $500 for a simple design patent to $50,000 and more for a complex utility patent. However, if your company has a truly patentable idea, you would be wise to invest the time and money required to secure your rights. A good patent can be a valuable business asset.

While you can file a patent yourself, I strongly advise that you use an attorney since a naively written patent application often isn't worth the paper it's printed on. Just recently my attorney did a patent search for me only to discover that a patent for a similar product was already in place. However, due to the ineffectual language of the patent application, the patent was practically impossible for the owner to enforce.

Good news for me. Not so good news for the wise man who wrote his own patent.

Here's to your success!

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Resolving Copyright Issues Case Study - Business

Two cases -- copyright renewal and unpublished works - present challenges for public domain users because this is the most difficult task in the public domain business - verifying that a creative work can be used as public domain or not.

There are several ways you can check copyright renewal for yourself. These links are included below, and of course, the easiest one is to do this online. If you happen to live in Washington D.C. (home of the Copyright Office) or near a large library like the San Francisco Library, you might save on some money by heading down to the location and looking through the copyright records yourself.

Alternatively, partial copyright renewal records are also placed online. These aren't search-friendly (just direct scans of the actual documents), so you might find this a hassle as well (but it is cheaper than the next option).

If you really want to do this right (and save your own time as well) the Copyright Office can verify copyright renewals for you for a per-hour fee. There is a document entitled "Copyright Status" available from the Copyright Office themselves outlining the process through which a person can verify the copyright renewal on any potential public domain work. The best part is that they also offer to certify the copyright search (for an extra hourly fee of course), as something that can 'meet the evidentiary requirements of litigation'. In other words, the Copyright Office will provide you with a legal grounding for your endeavor if you choose to use a public domain work.

What about unpublished works? Whether you are in possession of an unpublished work or come to know of one, the process of determining its position is the same.

* Find out who the author is.* Find out the date of creation.

With the name of the author, you can usually search the Internet to find any possible background information, and when they passed away. Using this information and the date of creation, you can then determine if the work is in the public domain.

Learn how to profit from Public Domain with Make Money Online with Public Domain.

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Law Services: Online Copyright Registration, Filing in India - Business - Small Business

The copyright registration is to register a particular work. It is very important to register a work once it has been created. At present for both published and unpublished works a copyright registration is available. Every one has his or her dreams which he or she tries to convert into reality by doing some creative work, unique activity or services. To become safe from your work stolen by other copyright registration is very important. You can lovingly nurture your work freely and independently in your own way through your original thought with the help of copyright registration. Copyright registration rules and procedure differs from one country to another. It is not costly or complex process only needs to verify registering your work with the registrar of copyright office. It is one of the powerful processes that help in protecting the right of the individual or organization.

copyright registration in india India is very famous service to protect one's creative and original work from stolen by others. It is a single way to protect the original and genuine thoughts of an individual or company as whole. At present there are many law firms are available that offers different types of high quality company service in India to meet the client's requirement. Like trademarkregistrationindia that offers types of company law services such as India trademark registration, trademark brand protection, trademark office in India, trademark application in India, patent registration in India, company registration in India, copyright license in India, brand registration in India and lots more.

Apart from the above copyright registration there is one more major law service is there named copyright filing. As we all know from the above discussion that copyright registration is very important that protects the author's artistic work, dramatic, literary and musical work. Copyright filing rules and procedure differs from county to country. copyright filing in india involves various procedures. Firstly, to make an application in Form 4 along with the statement of particulars and statement of further particulars in triplicate by a particular person. After verification of all the statement and documents copyright office has authority to register a copyright. This is a powerful tool to protect one's unique work and activity to get stolen by unauthorized persons, translation or reproduction. There is limited period for copyright registration, in India the protection given to the copyright is for 60 years. There is a need to review after this limited period of time. At pre sent most of the law firms also offers online copyright registration services to their clients for easy access and services.

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Basics On Copyrighting Your Photographs - Hobbies - Photography

This article is intended on providing only the basics about copyrighting your photographs within the United States (at this time of writing, 12-19-11). No legal advice is applied. For more detailed information, visit the official Copyright website.

-- As of March 1, 1989, copyright has been made automatic. The need to register with the Copyright Office is no longer required to provide protection. Once you create a picture, you own the copyright. A copyright notice (for example, a copyright symbol or watermark) is also no longer required to protect your photographs (excluding older works); however, many photographers continue to use to identify themselves and the date of creation.

-- As a general rule, for works created on or after January 1, 1978 the copyright is legally yours throughout your life plus 70 years beyond that unless you decide to pass your rights on to another.

-- Before an infringement suit may be filed in court, registration is necessary. Registered works (if registration occurs within 5 years of publication) serve as prima facie evidence (proof) of a valid copyright. Registered works may also be eligible for statutory damages and attorney's fees in successful litigation.

-- If someone was to steal your photographs, they can be liable for statutory damages up to $30,000 ($150,000 if willful infringement is proven by the copyright owner) for each work infringed on and may also be liable for attorney's fees incurred by the copyright owner.

-- Copyright covers both published and unpublished works.

-- To register photographs, you can use Form CO which you can find at the official Copyright website - complete the form on your computer, print it out, and mail it along with a check or money order. The fee is $50.

-- You may register a collection of photos on one application under one title.

-- Registration takes effect the day all the required elements in acceptable form are received; however, it takes approximately 4 months to receive your certificate. I suggest sending your application requiring confirmation of delivery since you will not receive acknowledgment from the Copyright Office.

-- You will be notified by the Copyright Office via a letter or a telephone call if further information is needed to complete your application.

-- If your application is rejected, you will receive a letter explaining why.

-- Works created on or after January 1, 1978, are not required to be renewed.

-- Unfortunately a copyright is not protected throughout the world. Not all, but most countries do honor each other's citizens' copyrights.

I hope you find this information helpful but be sure to visit the official Copyright website at before deciding whether or not you should register your photographs.

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Importance of Copyright and Trademark Registration for Product and New Companies - Law - Trademarks

Copyright, the operator of India offers a wide range of materials and other services to the financial or material to give them the right to control use of their material in different ways to grant or copies to the public, radio, or use online for the public. Furthermore, registration of copyright in India also offers a moral to the maker of positive types of materials and also to oppose the mutilation or distortion. The resources are secluded by copyright & copyright registration in India gives registrants copyright for financial benefits for their efforts and thus further promote the creativity. Copyright services in India would be automatically protected from copyright material, if properly and legally registered gives all rights to the materials themselves. Therefore, be sure to select the agent correct copyright in India who can legally and successfully complete the submission of intellectual property in India.

The question, however, is that you need to show that you own the copyright to the work. Copyright registration provides unprecedented evidence. If you decide to hire a lawyer or law firm to register their copyrights, then you may also receive legal services that might be useful. For example, if somebody steals your idea, which already has a qualified attorney to defend property rights in court. Similarly, if an important person looks to claim he stole their idea, so you have a defense lawyer, who was directly involved in the process of copyright registration. More protection for lawyers, you can add, it is likely that copyright is served well.

A trademark is usually taken for a period of 15 years, it has to be said for the renewal before the deadline expired. Trademark renewal is only a few steps, including the registration of the mark renewed creature's name and address of the client and ultimately the amount of the deposit. These steps are to take you with trademark registration. Offense or ignore Action trademark registration trademark disputes growing situation. In this competitive market is a trademark of disputes between the common scams by most business houses. Trademark disputes is the method, an argument from the distinctive configuration of a mark has been breached calls. Sometimes it is also a position is taken on the violation of trademarks, trade a situation of violation of trademark registration, without a license from the trademark owner.New company registration is the basic step to determine the structure of a company and it is an entity that enjoys legal. In this way the company can start busine ss, new company registration can be done physically or by electronic means filing the necessary documents and put forward the necessary details together with the mandatory duty to Companies House, which is the competent authority.Online trademark search is important because you must choose, if another company is already the mark identical or alike to the corporation or manufactured goods name, you have to use. Free online trademark search & can help you complete information about trademarks.Comprehensive Trademark search India plant those where the search in India Trademark Registry database, which includes all issued & Trademarks Until trademark applications in the Official Journal published or unpublished covers.

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Royalty Free Music - Licensing & Copyright - Entertainment - Music

If you want to use music for your website, in multimedia or traditional media productions you need to know about music licensing. Website designers, video makers, TV show producers and all other creative artists are constantly looking for music in their productions.

It's important to understand what copyright means, how it applies to music, and how you can obtain the rights to use music for your production. Terms such as "royalty-free music" and "synchronization licensing" get tossed around loosely, and this adds to the confusion. Hopefully this mini-tutorial will shed some light on this.

A Tale Of Two Copyrights: Composition And Master

Copyright is intellectual property. If you own the copyright to something, it means, quite simply, that you have the right to decide who can make a copy. Copyright is the right to copy. Obviously it's more complex than that but we'll keep it basic for now.

In terms of music, the key thing to understand is that each recording of music actually includes two distinct copyrights:

1. The copyright in the song itself, or the musical composition, or simply the Composition. This means the rights in the words and music of a song, and is often referred to as the 'Publishing' rights. Think of an old-school songwriter sitting at a piano, writing music and lyrics to a song. That song exists before it is recorded. Often musicians (especially in electronic music and hip hop) have a hard time grasping this distinction because they write music while they are producing it - sitting at their computer. Copyright is formed when you write a song, by virtue of the fact that it is new and original and takes a graphic form, such as writing down the lyrics or doing a demo. The copyright in this Composition is owned by whoever wrote it.

2. The copyright in a sound recording, also known as the Master. The Master is a Recording of a Composition. The copyright to the Master is owned by whoever produced it. Often this is a record company. To illustrate this, think of a famous song such as "Georgia on my Mind". Each record company that produces a version of that song owns their own recording (the Master), but the fundamental rights to the composition remain with the original composer, who owns the Composition - the copyright of the song itself.

Synchronization And Master Use Licenses

Normally, since there are two copyrights involved, two licenses need to be issued to make use of a recorded song:

1. Synchronization License: gives you the right to 'synchronize' the Composition with images or voice-over in your production.

2. Master Use License: this is exactly the same rights as the synchronization license, except it applies to the Master, the actual recorded interpretation of the musical composition.

Since the composer usually owns the Composition and the record company owns the Master, two different negotiations often have to take place, with two different contracts, for a song to be used in a Production. This can lead to complicated and time-consuming negotiations.

If a single company owns or controls the rights to both the Master and the Composition, this is called a One-Stop-Shop. This means that the company can sign both the Synchronization license and the Master Use license, which is less complicated and more attractive from the point of view of a website designer, an audio-visual show producer - or anyone who needs production music.

Most royalty free music libraries are such One-Stop-Shops since they control both the Master and the Compositions of the music on their website. Purchasing royalty free music means that once you have paid the one-time fee, you can use that music as many times as you want for as long as you want without ever having to pay additional money to the licensor.

It does not matter if one visitor or 100,000 visitors come to your website; or if the music is used for 3 months or 3 years - the purchase fee is exactly the same. If a piece of royalty-free music is purchased for use on a TV show, there is only the one-time fee, it doesn't matter if the show is presented 5 times or 1,000 times. The TV show producer will never have to pay any additional fee for the music. This saves time and considerable expense.

Royalty free music does not mean however that anyone gives up their copyrights or their rights to administer a song. For instance, if you purchase a music license for a film project which goes on TV, the composer can still collect public performance royalties for the TV performance since these are paid by the broadcaster,and not by you the producer. The music may be offered on a royalty free basis but is not copyright free. The music composer and the publisher remain the copyright owners.

We hope this short article helps you understand the basics of music licensing.

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Google & Copyright Theft - Law - Copyright Law

Most internet users are familiar with the term "Google Slap" where Google accuses other parties of infringing its copyrights but this article tells you about Google being accused of intellectual theft- "Google Slapped"!

Google is a Californian company that runs a search engine and provides information on various topics to millions of searchers on the internet. It lost a case in the court at Brussels Belgium on 13th February 2007. It was found guilty of breaching copyrights.

Copyright is a legal concept and copiepresse is an expert on copyright laws. He was representing a group of 18 newspapers, mostly French, who claimed Google was stealing their content and making it public. They said it was some articles from their archive section that was being stolen using "cached" links which they only provided to subscribed members on payment.

The court immediately ordered Google to remove all such pictures, articles and links that were offending the owners of these newspapers. This also included "Google News" which was displaying information without the consent of the owners of the newspapers.

The court ordered that if the owners of this information unlawfully displayed by Google contact, Google will be liable of removing the content within 24 hours or else face a fine of 25,000 Euros per day.

Google has appealed the ruling as it believes it has done nothing wrong. It is hard to understand how such a popular search engine with technically sound experts working for it, can deny such an evident violation of the copyright of intellectual property.

Copyright theft

Due to this attitude of big and great names, authors and writers everywhere believe any content or information available to them is their possession. Many other websites and ezine writers copy original works of other authors without permission and act clean as if they have done nothing wrong at all. Worse is when the name and link of the creator or the copyright owner is also not mentioned.

Such acts make the registration of original, tangible works more important. Though copyright for a piece of work exists when an idea is put down as an expression but registering with the United States Copyright Office ensures the assertion of the owner's authority.

More information on the intellectual theft by Google can be seen in the West Australian News Paper edition of 14th February 2007, page 33 entitled "Google to Appeal over Court Copyright Defeat".

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How to Get a Quality PS3 Game Copy - Technology

Much has been said about the sheer power that a PS3 possesses, in fact the United States Air Force has utilized the PS3 in its research on supercomputers. For gamers the PS3 is a blessing sent from console heaven, however even though the PS3 has one of the best, if not somewhat limited, game library of any console in this current generation, one deterrent for people or gamers to buy it is that the copyright authentication of any PS3 game makes it hard for people who buy the game to make a PS3 game copy. Unlike the PS3's console competitors who use HD-DVDs or just plain DVDs, the PS3 uses Blu-ray discs for its games. This makes it easy to make a PS3 game copy.

And so in order to get around the copyright authentication protection, what most gamers do is use PS3 game copy software. There is actually a lot of PS3 game copy software found on the internet although not all are actually legitimate and some would not even work. Sorting out the software that work and those that don't work is really the challenge in choosing good PS3 game copy software. Indeed there is a huge number of sites that offer software for ripping or copying PS3 games, and choosing the site that offers or hosts a good PS3 game copy software might be akin to looking for a needle in the haystack.

When you choose to use PS3 game copy software, what is left to do is to run the game on your PS3. This is also something that needs to be taken note of because not all PS3 game copies will play on the PS3 especially if the PS3 is a relatively new SKU. Also, if it has up to date firmware from Sony then the chances of playing the PS3 game copy that you ripped from the Blu-ray disc on it would be really low. To get around this concern, most gamers modify the PS3's firmware to an earlier version for it to accommodate not only PS3 game copies but also older titles from your PS2 and PSX game libraries since most PS3 SKU's don't have backward compatibility for older PS2 and PSX games.

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How To Download Free Movies Online - Entertainment

If you wanted to to download free movies online would it be legal or not? That is the question many people ask me, and all I can answer is that it depends on the movies and their age. You can legally download public domain movies use file sharing software also known as peer to peer or P2P software. It's not the software that's illegal. It's what you use it for.

For example, if you use your car to race guys on the freeway at twice the speed limit it's not the car that's illegal, it's the way you use it. In fact, very little software is illegal - it's how people use it that can break the law, and people tend to use certain types of software more illegally than others. File sharing is one.

Why is this, and how does it work? The why is obvious - because P2P software is very easy to use and the temptation to download copyright protected material is immense. The way it works is that file sharing software enables you to connect to a part of the hard drive of any computer in the network, and download any files on that part of the door's hard drive.

So let's say you were looking for the latest version of Titanic. You login and enter 'Titanic' into the search box. That will come up with a list of seven movies beginning with the German 1943 propaganda movie (don't ask!) of that name, and ending with the 1997 Kate Winslet version, just after the (better to me) Catherine Zeta Jones 'Titanic' a year earlier that didn't get the acclaim it should have received.

However, back to ways to download free movies online and the original versions of the Titanic: the 1943 version would have now been in the public domain, its copyright (50 years) having expired. However, the movie and music moguls changed this to 70 years after the death of the originator. Walt Disney beware!

Nevertheless, you can likely download free movies online if the movie was first released 70 years ago. The originator's name could be open to argument, but it is unlikely that anybody will chase you for downloading the original 1943 version of the Titanic: the originator of that was Goebbels, Hitler's Minister for Propaganda! It showed Americans as incompetent dummies (who ended up the dummy then!). Nobody will complain if you download public domain movies such as these.

In modern days however you can download free movies online by using P2P file sharing software and you can also use the same software services to download free music tracks and free games. You must make sure that the tracks and games you download are not protected by copyright, and the best file sharing software will warn you when a particular movie file or music track is protected.

The reason why people still use this form of software in spite of the extension of the copyright period is twofold:

a) Because they believe that the music and movie moguls are being greedy by extending the copyright period to long after their own deaths that makes it next to impossible to download public domain movies any more, and

b) Because many artists, particularly the younger ones, use this type of free publicity to let their names and their work be known, and while this applies mainly to music, it also applies to the younger movie studios that want to find the public's reaction to their work. So they make their work free for those that want to use P2P software to download it.

Nothing illegal about that, and for many it works very well. When you download free movies online that have been written, produced and directed by amateurs you can often come across gems such as The Blair Witch Project and others that while not freely available, were nevertheless were frequently downloaded which undoubtedly contributed to their success.

However, it has to be stressed that to download movies online that are protected under the copyright laws is illegal, and you will subject to high levels of damages. While it is not illegal to download public domain movies, they are being legislated as no longer on the public domain. Nevertheless, it is not individuals such as you that the movie and music moguls are after, but the mainly Oriental cartels that have turned this into a very lucrative business.

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How to Avoid a Bootleg Movie Download When You Download Free Movies Online - Entertainment

People are getting paranoid on how to avoid a bootleg movie download when they download free movies online. They can use a P2P file sharing program to download music or movies - and also games, but have read too much about it being illegal. Here are some facts on that, and how you can watch DVD movies for free without breaking a single legal statute.

It all boils down to copyright. There are two aspects of copyright: the legal and the moral aspect, so let's look at each of these in turn because most people have no idea how they are being manipulated.

Legal Aspects of a Bootleg Movie Download

A bootleg movie download is fundamentally the downloading of a movie with a valid copyright. You could safely say that, with one or two exceptions, all modern movies are copyright-protected and you would be breaking the law if you download free movies online that are so protected.

That is why the perfectly legal P2P file sharing software used for legal movie downloads can equally be used for bootleg movies and to download free movies online legally - without you being aware of the difference! In fact this type of software is becoming more commonly used to download free movies illegally than legally- but that is not the fault of the software. However, Limewire was put out of business for enabling illegal online music downloads, and so was the original version of Napster.

Social networking sites can be used to break the law and call people to riot at prearranged times and places, but that is not the fault of the software and these sites are not shut down. Why then the problems with a bootleg movie download?

The call to ban file sharing is a spurious one born of ignorance and fear. In fact, young people download free music online to get a feel for the artist before they decide to invest in the album: and quite righty too!

Many New Artists Are Talentless

In this digital age it is too easy for talentless people to digitally enhance their work and produce terrible-sounding albums fronted by one digitally-enhanced main track that has been promoted to death. The rest it sheer rubbish! Why should potential customers not be able to check out one or two more tracks on an album - digital or disk - to get a better idea of the artist's talent - or lack of it?

You can do that by using a P2P file sharing program to access and download any music or movie files stored on the hard disk of another user of that file sharing network. Is it legal to do that? Yes and no! Limewire was put out of business for enabling illegal online music downloads, and so was the original version of Napster.

Public Domain Movies

Yes, if the file being downloaded is in the public domain, such as 'The Outlaw' with Jane Russell, but not if you download free movies online that are currently showing "in a movie theater near you!" That would be referred to as a bootleg movie download, and therefore illegal. The Battle of Midway and the 1945 color version of Narnia are also free to download legally and there are many more listed online of you carry out a search for public domain movies and music.

However, that understood, there was a time that we knew the copyright period - it changes too frequently now. The Copyright Act of 1790 covered an author's work for 14 years, or 15 if he or she was still alive. Over the years this has extended to 95-120 years or life + 75 years - something that most people cannot understand.

The basic concept is fine, but the way the law is applied and continually changed is confusing - little wonder that so many download free movies online believing them to be in the public domain. It's as if people should own their own work years after they are dead. After all, Walt Disney made his billions from the works of the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen and others.

A Legal Bootleg Movie Download

Night of The Living Dead is in the public domain because the title was changed just prior to release, and the new title was not included in the copyright notice. As soon as the movie was released, P2P file sharing could be used to download this movie without it being a bootleg movie download - it was perfectly legal. It also written in the law of America that copyright law cannot be applies retrospectively, so once copyright has lapsed then the work will be in the public domain forever.

This is not to suggest that when you download free movies online everything is free to download: far from it, but if you are using a good file sharing software service, it should let you know that there is no license to download the specific file.

To summarize, it is not easy to avoid a bootleg movie download when you download free movies online because the same software is used for each. However, it doesn't take much of a brain to understand that new movies and music are illegal to download. In saying that, it is nevertheless stressed that it is not the fault of the P2P file sharing software but that of those using it illegally.

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